标题： 一种敏感性曲线方法在脉冲星定时阵列探测时代的调优策略 显示英文标题

标题： A sensitivity curve approach to tuning a pulsar timing array in the detection era

摘要： 当脉冲星时间阵列（PTA）进入随机引力波背景（GWB）的探测时代时，PTA合作组回顾并可能修订其观测活动变得尤为重要。 探测到“单一源”将对引力天文学产生巨大帮助，因为此类源将在PTA频段内持续发射引力波数百万年。 在这里，我们提出了一种通用方法来研究各种观测策略的影响，利用探测器灵敏度曲线，即噪声平均化的、频率域内的检测统计量。 这些方法的统计基础与如何调整探测器以应对单一确定性信号或随机背景的无数示例一起被展示。 我们证明了用高精度观测最好的脉冲星替换对最差脉冲星的观测，可以在高频下提高对单一源的灵敏度，同时在低频下降低GWB和单一源灵敏度的损失。 我们还发现，相对于其他PTA调整选项，针对特定天空区域的观测活动带来的灵敏度提升最小。 最后，我们展示了GWB未相关部分的重要性，即脉冲星项，作为噪声来源日益突出，并展示了这一新兴噪声源对不同PTA配置的影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： As pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) transition into the detection era of the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), it is important for PTA collaborations to review and possibly revise their observing campaigns. The detection of a ''single source'' would be a boon for gravitational astrophysics, as such a source would emit gravitational waves for millions of years in the PTA frequency band. Here we present generic methods for studying the effects of various observational strategies, taking advantage of detector sensitivity curves, i.e., noise-averaged, frequency-domain detection statistics. The statistical basis for these methods is presented along with myriad examples of how to tune a detector towards single, deterministic signals or a stochastic background. We demonstrate that trading observations of the worst pulsars for high cadence campaigns on the best pulsars increases sensitivity to single sources at high frequencies while hedging losses in GWB and single source sensitivity at low frequencies. We also find that sky-targeted observing campaigns yield minimal sensitivity improvements compared with other PTA tuning options. Lastly, we show the importance of the uncorrelated half of the GWB, i.e. the pulsar-term, as an increasingly prominent sources of noise and show the impact of this emerging noise source on various PTA configurations.