标题： 极端Reissner-Nordström黑洞的施温格效应 显示英文标题

标题： Schwinger Effect of Extremal Reissner-Nordström Black Holes

摘要： 施温格效应具有多种物理应用。 在黑洞物理学的背景下，它为带电黑洞的衰变提供了一条通道。 虽然已经通过极端瑞斯纳-诺德斯特姆（RN）黑洞的视界几何结构 $AdS_2\times S^2$ 得到了施温格衰变速率，但尚未对整个几何结构进行全面分析，这引发了是否可以忽略视界以外贡献的问题。 本文解决了这个问题，并得到了渐近平坦RN黑洞时空中的施温格产生率的空间分布。 我们发现，施温格效应在视界处最强，并随着远离视界的距离而衰减，表现出粒子康普顿波长的一个特征尺度。 当粒子的电荷-质量比接近黑洞对应的极端性界限时，速率被关闭，这与弱引力规范（WGC）的强形式一致。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Schwinger effect has a variety of physics applications. In the context of black hole physics, it provides a channel for the decay of charged black holes. While the Schwinger rate has been derived for extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om (RN) black hole using the $AdS_2\times S^2$ geometry of the horizon, a full analysis in the whole geometry is lacking, begging the question of whether it is sufficient to ignore contributions away from the horizon. In this paper, we address this problem and obtain the spatial profile of the Schwinger production rate in an asymptotically flat RN black hole spacetime. We find that the Schwinger effect is strongest on the horizon and decays with distance from the horizon, exhibiting a characteristic scale of the Compton wavelength of the particle. The rate is switched off when the particle's charge-to-mass ratio approaches the corresponding extremality bound for black holes, in accordance with a strong form of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC).