标题： 黑洞熵的起源：引力表面张力 显示英文标题

标题： Gravitational Surface Tension as the Origin for the Black Hole Entropy

摘要： 在这项工作中，我们利用古耶-斯托多拉定理探讨黑洞的热力学性质，该定理传统上用于机械系统，将熵产与可逆功和不可逆功之间的差异联系起来。我们将黑洞建模为事件视界处具有表面张力的引力泡，推导出非旋转黑洞的贝肯斯坦-霍金熵关系。进一步地，我们将这种方法扩展到旋转黑洞，引入角动量的影响，证明在这种情况下，古耶-斯托多拉定理同样可以推导出熵-面积定律。此外，我们分析了两个黑洞的合并过程，表明总熵大于单个黑洞熵之和，从而符合热力学第二定律。我们的研究结果表明，引力表面张力是黑洞热力学的关键因素，为理解这些极端天体物理对象中的熵产生提供了新颖且一致的框架。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this work, we explore the thermodynamics of black holes using the Gouy-Stodola theorem, traditionally applied to mechanical systems relating entropy production to the difference between reversible and irreversible work. We model black holes as gravitational bubbles with surface tension defined at the event horizon, deriving the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy relation for non-rotating black holes. One extends this approach to rotating black holes, incorporating the effects of angular momentum, demonstrating that the Gouy-Stodola theorem can similarly derive the entropy-area law in this case. Additionally, we analyze the merging of two black holes, showing that the resultant total entropy exceeds the sum of the individual entropies, thereby adhering to the second law of thermodynamics. Our results suggest that gravitational surface tension is a key factor in black hole thermodynamics, providing a novel and coherent framework for understanding the entropy production in these extreme astrophysical objects.