标题： 激发核的α衰变规律及其在恒星衰变速率中的作用 显示英文标题

标题： Alpha decay law of excited nuclei and its role in stellar decay rates

摘要： $\alpha$ 衰变是高温（吉加开尔文量级）下合成的重元素和超重元素核合成中的主要衰变模式之一。 为了便于研究热激发核的 $\alpha$ 衰变半衰期在核合成计算中的作用，提出了一种基于核基态和激发态向子核基态或激发态跃迁的 $\alpha$ 衰变模型的经验公式。 模型得到的 $\alpha$ 衰变半衰期解析表达式中的常数被视为可调参数，并拟合了 82 $\le Z_p \le$ 94 范围内 342 个 $\alpha$ 衰变实验数据，以获得与激发能相关的衰变规律。 假设核态之间已达到热平衡，在温度 ($T$) 依赖性的半衰期 \(T_\{1/2\}\) $t_{1/2}(T)$ 的基础上，展示了几个实验研究的 $\alpha$ 放射性核素的半衰期，这些核素具有 \(65\) $\le Z_p \le$ \(94\) 的特性，并使用了激发核半衰期的相关数据。 尽管总体趋势是在高温下 $t_{1/2}(T)$ 减小，但在某些同质异能态的情况下，发现了半衰期增加的异常现象。 本文提供的此类同质异构体列表为未来涉及它们热平衡和在千新星光变曲线形成中的作用的研究提供了动力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： $\alpha$ decay is one of the prominent decay modes in the nucleosynthesis of heavy and super-heavy elements synthesized at temperatures of the order of Giga Kelvin. To facilitate the investigation of the role played by the $\alpha$ decay half-lives of thermally excited nuclei in nucleosynthesis calculations, an empirical formula based on a model for the $\alpha$ decay of nuclei in their ground and excited states to daughter nuclei in their ground or excited states is presented. Constants appearing in the analytical expression for the $\alpha$ decay half-life obtained within the model are treated as adjustable parameters and fitted to experimental data on 342 $\alpha$ decays in the range of 82 $\le Z_p \le$ 94, to obtain an excitation energy-dependent decay law. Under the assumption that thermal equilibrium has been reached between nuclear states, temperature ($T$)-dependent half-lives, $t_{1/2}(T)$, for several of the experimentally studied $\alpha$ emitters with 65 $\le Z_p \le$ 94 are presented using available data on the half-lives of excited nuclei. Though the general trend is a decrease in $t_{1/2}(T)$ at elevated temperatures, exceptional cases with increased half-lives are found in the case of some isomeric states. A list of such isomers provided in this work motivates future work involving considerations of their thermal equilibration and role in shaping kilonova light curves.