标题： 银河中性氢结构光谱与动力学：设计一款用于21厘米发射的家用射电望远镜 显示英文标题

标题： Galactic Neutral Hydrogen Structures Spectroscopy and Kinematics: Designing a Home Radio Telescope for 21 cm Emission

摘要： 本研究提出了创建一种成本效益高的射电望远镜的方法，该望远镜可用于探测 21 厘米发射（1420.405 MHz），并确定银河系中中性氢的分布和运动学特性。 通过测量 21 厘米发射的多普勒频移，可以确定氢云相对于地球的速度。 这使得识别这些云的运动成为可能，以及它们在星系旋臂中的位置及其在银河系整体旋转动力学中的作用。 该装置的设计旨在让业余爱好者也能使用，从而让其他人能够开展类似的项目。 测量设备包括一个 1 米抛物面天线、一个用于 21 厘米发射的 H1-LNA、一个 SDR 和一个 Raspberry Pi。 本文还概述了检测氢线和生成速度剖面所需的数据处理过程。 此外，它还研究了 RFI 抑制技术，例如光谱滤波和仪器屏蔽，这些技术即使在像洛杉矶这样的城市环境中也能提高观测清晰度。 本研究还分析了不同星系旋臂的观测速度以及全天空的测量数据。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This study presents the methodology for creating a cost-efficient radio astronomy telescope that can be used to detect 21 cm emissions (1420.405 MHz) and determine the distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen specifically in the Milky Way. By measuring the Doppler shifts of the 21 cm emission, the velocities of hydrogen clouds relative to Earth can be determined. This enables the identification of these clouds' movements, their positions within the galaxy's spiral arms, and their roles in the overall rotational dynamics of the Milky Way. The setup is designed to be accessible to amateurs, enabling others to conduct similar projects. The measurement apparatus consists of a 1-meter parabolic dish, a H1-LNA for 21 cm emissions, an SDR, and a Raspberry Pi. This paper also provides an overview of the data processing required to detect the hydrogen line and generate velocity profiles. Additionally, it examines RFI mitigation techniques, such as spectral filtering and instrument shielding, which enhance observational clarity even in urban environments like Los Angeles. This study also analyzes the observed velocities of different galactic arms, as well as measurements across the sky.