标题： 脉冲形状变化对脉冲星测时精度的影响特性研究 显示英文标题

标题： Characterizing the effects of pulse shape changes on pulsar timing precision

摘要： 脉冲星到达时间（TOA）测量通常通过模板匹配算法进行，该算法将由有限数量的脉冲构造出的轮廓与长期平均脉冲形状进行比较。然而，脉冲的形状确实会发生变化，这会导致TOA估计出现误差。所有脉冲星在连续脉冲之间显示出随机的形状、幅度和相位变化，这些变化在有限数量脉冲的平均值中只能部分抵消。随着更灵敏望远镜的建成，这种抖动现象只会对定时精度造成更大的问题。 我们描述了表征抖动（及其他形状变化）的技术，并以Vela脉冲星（PSR B0833$-$45）的数据为例进行了演示。这些技术包括部分和分析；模板与轮廓之间以及多频到达时间之间的自相关和互相关；主成分分析。然后，我们使用解析方法和模拟方法量化了脉冲形状变化对TOA估计的影响，所用的脉冲形状复杂度不同（具有多个分量）。这些方法可以为许多应用提供提高到达时间精度的手段，包括利用脉冲星计时阵列进行引力波天文学研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements of pulses from pulsars are conventionally made by a template matching algorithm that compares a profile constructed by averaging a finite number of pulses to a long-term average pulse shape. However, the shapes of pulses can and do vary, leading to errors in TOA estimation. All pulsars show stochastic variations in shape, amplitude, and phase between successive pulses that only partially average out in averages of finitely many pulses. This jitter phenomenon will only become more problematic for timing precision as more sensitive telescopes are built. We describe techniques for characterizing jitter (and other shape variations) and demonstrate them with data from the Vela pulsar, PSR B0833$-$45. These include partial sum analyses; auto-and cross correlations between templates and profiles and between multifrequency arrival times; and principal component analysis. We then quantify how pulse shape changes affect TOA estimates using both analytical and simulation methods on pulse shapes of varying complexity (multiple components). These methods can provide the means for improving arrival time precision for many applications, including gravitational wave astronomy using pulsar timing arrays.