标题： 解锁重离子碰撞初始状态中守恒荷的“印记” 显示英文标题

标题： Unlocking "imprints" of conserved charges in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions

摘要： 基于流体力学的相对论高能重离子碰撞建模方法建立在能量和动量守恒的基础上。然而，在这些碰撞中形成的介质还携带额外的守恒量，包括重子数（B）、奇异数（S）和电荷（Q）。在本文中，我们提出了一组新的各向异性流可观测量，专门用于探测守恒的BSQ电荷涨落的影响，从而揭示初始态的信息。利用最近开发的流体力学框架\iccing{}+\ccake{}，我们展示了这些新的可观测量能够反映初始BSQ电荷涨落（范围可达$\sim $10%）的可测效应，这一效应可通过实验进行验证。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Hydrodynamic approaches to modeling relativistic high-energy heavy-ion collisions are based on the conservation of energy and momentum. However, the medium formed in these collisions also carries additional conserved quantities, including baryon number (B), strangeness (S), and electric charge (Q). In this Letter, we propose a new set of anisotropic flow observables designed to be exclusively sensitive to the effects of conserved BSQ charge fluctuations, providing insight into the initial state. Using the recently developed hydrodynamic framework \iccing{}+\ccake{}, we show that these new observables provide a measurable effect of initial BSQ charge fluctuations (ranging up to $\sim $10\%), which can be tested by experiments.