标题： 通用热机功率效率权衡的统一方法 显示英文标题

标题： Unified Approach to Power-Efficiency Trade-Off of Generic Thermal Machines

摘要： 由于不同热机的多功能性，其优化需要逐个案例进行，缺乏统一的结果。 在本工作中，我们提出一种通用方法来确定任何热机的功率-效率权衡关系（PETOR）。 对于循环（持续时间$\tau$）不可逆性满足典型$1/\tau$-缩放的情况，我们提供一个适用于热机、冰箱、热交换器和热泵的统一PETOR。 结果表明，一些典型的PETOR，如低耗散卡诺循环（包括热机和冰箱循环）以及在有限大小储热库之间运行的稳态热机的PETOR自然被恢复。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Due to the diverse functionalities of different thermal machines, their optimization relies on a case-by-case basis, lacking unified results. In this work, we propose a general approach to determine power-efficiency trade-off relation (PETOR) for any thermal machine. For cases where cycle (of duration $\tau$) irreversibility satisfies the typical $1/\tau$-scaling, we provide a unified PETOR which is applicable to heat engines, refrigerators, heat exchangers and heat pumps. It is shown that, some typical PETORs, such as those for low-dissipation Carnot cycles (including heat engine and refrigerator cycles) and the steady-state heat engines operating between finite-sized reservoirs are naturally recovered.