标题： 基于带有动量相关势的PHQMD微观方法的低能重离子碰撞对方程-of-状态的约束 显示英文标题

标题： Constraints on the equation-of-state from low energy heavy-ion collisions within the PHQMD microscopic approach with momentum-dependent potential

摘要： 我们研究了核物质状态方程（EoS）对集体可观测量的影响，包括在GeV束流能量下重离子碰撞中质子和轻团簇的定向流（$v_1$）和椭圆流（$v_2$），采用的是Parton-强子-量子-分子动力学（PHQMD）微观输运方法。在此模型中，团簇在整个重离子碰撞过程中由核子间的势相互作用动态形成，并且包括由强子动能反应产生的氘核。 我们采用了三种不同的EoS——通过势相互作用实现：两种静态的EoS，分别被称为“软”和“硬”，它们在压缩模量上有所不同；以及一种软的动量依赖性EoS，它与pA弹性散射数据相匹配。我们发现，动量依赖性的势对快速度分布和横向动量谱的影响与对流系数不同。我们使用动量依赖性EoS对Hades和FOPI关于质子和轻团簇的定向流和椭圆流系数的数据给出了最佳描述。此外，我们观察到$v_2$与$p_T$的关系随原子序数$A$的变化具有尺度行为。最后，我们证明了流可观测量可以帮助识别团簇产生的机制。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate the influence of the equation-of-state (EoS) of nuclear matter on collective observables, the directed ($v_1$) and the elliptic flow ($v_2$) of nucleons and light clusters in heavy-ion collisions at GeV beam energies employing the Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular Dynamics (PHQMD) microscopic transport approach. Here the clusters are formed dynamically during the entire heavy-ion collision by potential interaction between nucleons, including additionally deuteron production by hadronic kinetic reactions. We employ three different EoS - realized via potential interactions: two static EoS, dubbed 'soft' and 'hard', which differ in the compressibility modulus, as well as a soft momentum dependent EoS, adjusted to pA elastic scattering data. We find that the momentum dependent potential has different consequences for rapidity and transverse momentum spectra than for flow coefficients. We obtain the best description of the HADES and FOPI data on the directed and elliptic flow coefficients of protons and light clusters applying a momentum dependent EoS. Moreover, we observe a scaling behavior of $v_2$ versus $p_T$ with atomic number $A$. Finally we demonstrate that flow observables can help to identify the cluster production mechanisms.