标题： 彭罗斯和超彭罗斯能量提取从具有宇宙学常数的雷斯勒-诺德斯特姆黑洞时空通过BSW机制：完整故事 显示英文标题

标题： Penrose and super-Penrose energy extraction from a Reissner-Nordström black hole spacetime with a cosmological constant through the BSW mechanism: Full story

摘要： 彭罗斯过程是一种从黑洞转移能量到无穷远的过程，与BSW机制相结合，该机制利用黑洞事件视界处入射粒子的碰撞来局部产生大量能量，在一个具有负、零或正宇宙常数的极端$d$维Reissner-Nordström黑洞时空（即渐近反德西特(AdS)、平直或德西特(dS)时空）中进行了联合描述。 在极端Reissner-Nordström黑洞背景下，在视界附近，可以考虑几种电荷粒子之间的径向碰撞类型。其中最有趣的是临界粒子（其电荷以特定方式调整）和普通粒子之间的碰撞，因为它在局部会产生发散的质心能量框架能量，这是从黑洞提取能量的一个有利但不充分的条件。 为了理解在这种碰撞式彭罗斯过程中是否可以提取能量，我们详细研究了入射粒子1和2之间的碰撞，从中产生粒子3和4，且粒子3有可能携带能量远离黑洞视界。结果表明，粒子3的质量、能量、电荷以及初始运动方向可以有不同的值，这取决于碰撞的内部过程，但这些值位于某个范围内。此外，粒子3的能量可以任意高但不是无限的，这标志着一种超彭罗斯过程。 还表明，粒子4具有负能量，在被事件视界吞噬之前，它存在于自己的电势能范围内。对于零宇宙常数，结果不依赖于维度的数量，但对于非零宇宙常数则不然，这还会引入提取能量下限的差异。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Penrose process, a process that transfers energy from a black hole to infinity, together with the BSW mechanism, which uses collisions of ingoing particles at the event horizon of a black hole to locally produce large amounts of energy, is studied in a combined description for a $d$ dimensional extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole spacetime with negative, zero, or positive cosmological constant, i.e., for an asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS), flat, or de Sitter (dS) spacetime. In an extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole background, in the vicinity of the horizon, several types of radial collisions between electrically charged particles can be considered. The most interesting one is between a critical particle, with its electric charge adjusted in a specific way, and a usual particle, as it gives a divergent center of mass frame energy locally, this being a favorable but not sufficient condition to extract energy from the black hole. To understand whether energy can be extracted in such a collisional Penrose process, we investigate in detail a collision between ingoing particles 1 and 2, from which particles 3 and 4 emerge, with the possibility that particle 3 can carry energy far out from the black hole horizon. One finds that the mass, energy, electric charge, and initial direction of motion of particle 3 can have different values, depending on the collision internal process, but these values lie within some range. Moreover, the energy of particle 3 can be arbitrarily high but not infinite, characterizing a super-Penrose process. It is also shown that particle 4 has negative energy, living in its own electric ergosphere before being engulfed by the event horizon. For zero cosmological constant the results do not depend on the number of dimensions, but they do for nonzero cosmological constant, which also introduces differences in the lower bound for the energy extracted.