标题： 宏观损耗物体的量子光学散射：一种一般方法 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum optical scattering by macroscopic lossy objects: A general approach

摘要： 我们开发了一种通用方法，用于描述真空中的损耗宏观物体对量子光的散射，该方法对物体的色散光学响应和空间非均匀组成没有任何限制。 我们的分析基于改进的朗之万噪声形式化方法，这是一种最近引入的宏观量子电动力学版本，在该版本中，散射(s)模式与电(e)和磁(m)介质激发被明确分离；因此，该形式化方法涉及三种非相互作用的玻色子极化子，这样在无损耗极限下，s-极化子退化为标准光子，而e-和m-极化子消失。 我们解析地推导了连接入射和出射极化子的玻色子算符的输入-输出幺正关系，这是一个非平凡的结果，依赖于原始关系，这些关系全面描述了经典辐射散射的传输-发射-吸收相互作用，我们在这里通过借助双矢量格林函数的性质来推导这些关系。 此外，我们利用输入-输出关系将场的输出状态与输入状态联系起来，这揭示了各种经典电磁双矢量在量子光学散射中的作用。 我们将讨论专门化到最常见的情况，即物体最初未被电磁激发，入射电磁态仅包含s-极化子，并我们分析了经典传输和吸收双矢量对从入射到出射s-极化子的转换以及出射e-和m-极化子的产生分别产生的影响。 由于散射辐射是在远场收集的，而物体通常未被测量，我们解析地推导了出射s-极化子的约化密度算符。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We develop a general approach to describe the scattering of quantum light by a lossy macroscopic object placed in vacuum with no restrictions on both its dispersive optical response and its spatially inhomogeneous composition. Our analysis is based on the modified Langevin noise formalism, a recently introduced version of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics where scattering (s) modes are explicitly separated from electric (e) and magnetic (m) medium excitations; accordingly the formalism involves three kinds of non-interacting boson polaritons such that, in the lossless limit, s-polaritons reduce to standard photons whereas e- and m-polaritons disappear. We analytically derive the input-output unitary relation joining the boson operators of the ingoing and outgoing polaritons, a nontrivial result hinging upon original relations which comprehensively describe the transmission-emission-absorption interplay pertaining the classical radiation scattering, relations we here deduce by resorting to the dyadic Green's function properties. Besides we exploit the input-output relation to connect the output state of the field to the input one, this unveiling the role played by various classical electromagnetic dyadics in quantum optical scattering. We specialize the discussion to the most common situation where the object is initially not electromagnetically excited, with the ingoing electromagnetic state only containing s-polaritons, and we analyze the impact of the classical transmission and absorption dyadics on the transitions from ingoing to outgoing s-polariton and on the creation of outgoing e- and m-polaritons, respectively. Since the scattered radiation is collected in the far-field and the object is usually left unmeasured, we analytically derive the reduced density operator of the outgoing s-polaritons.