标题： 相互作用的夸克物质与$f(Q)$引力：探索夸克星性质的新范式 显示英文标题

标题： Interacting quark matter and $f(Q)$ gravity: A new paradigm in exploring the properties of quark stars

摘要： 基于微扰量子色动力学修正和色超导性的启发，我们研究了由相互作用夸克物质组成的夸克星的内部结构与性质，这为我们提供了一个在$f(Q)$引力框架下全面探索强相互作用效应的途径。 为了描述夸克物质的各种相态，包括上夸克-下夸克物质$(2SC)$、奇异夸克物质$(2SC+s)$和颜色-味锁定$(CFL)$相，我们制定了一种统一的状态方程。 通过系统地重新参数化和缩放，状态方程中的自由度数量显著减少。 利用 Buchdahl-I 度规假设和线性$f(Q)$函数形式$f(Q)=\alpha_{0}+\alpha_{1}Q$，我们在存在统一相互作用夸克物质状态方程的情况下推导出爱因斯坦场方程的精确解。 对于$2SC$相，我们研究了由上夸克-下夸克物质组成的夸克星的性质。 对于$(2SC+s)$和$CFL$相，我们引入了有限奇异夸克质量$(m_{s}\neq0)$的影响。通过数值求解托尔曼-奥本海默-沃尔科夫方程，确定了每个相的最大质量和半径关系。我们的结果显示该模型满足关键的物理标准，包括因果性、能量条件和稳定性要求，从而确保了这些结构的可行性。此外，某些致密星候选者的预测半径与观测数据吻合良好。研究强调，在$f(Q)$引力框架下由相互作用夸克物质组成的夸克星在整个考虑的各个相中提供了一个稳健且物理上一致的恒星模型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics corrections and the colour superconductivity indicate that strongly interacting matter can manifest unique physical behaviours under extreme conditions. Motivated by this notion, we investigate the interior structure and properties of quark stars composed of interacting quark matter, which provides a comprehensive avenue to explore the strong interaction effects, within the framework of $f(Q)$ gravity. A unified equation of state is formulated to describe various phases of quark matter, including up-down quark matter $(2SC)$, strange quark matter $(2SC+s)$, and the Colour-Flavor Locked $(CFL)$ phase. By employing a systematic reparametrisation and rescaling, the number of degrees of freedom in the equation of state is significantly reduced. Utilising the Buchdahl-I metric ansatz and a linear $f(Q)$ functional form, $f(Q)=\alpha_{0}+\alpha_{1}Q$, we derive the exact solutions of the Einstein field equations in presence of the unified interacting quark matter equation of state. For the $2SC$ phase, we examine the properties of quark stars composed of up-down quark matter. For the $(2SC+s)$and $CFL$ phases, we incorporate the effects of a finite strange quark mass $(m_{s}\neq0)$. The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations are numerically solved to determine the maximum mass-radius relations for each phase. Our results indicate that the model satisfies key physical criteria, including causality, energy conditions, and stability requirements, ensuring the viability of the configurations. Furthermore, the predicted radii for certain compact star candidates align well with observational data. The study highlights that quark stars composed of interacting quark matter within the $f(Q)$ gravity framework provide a robust and physically consistent stellar model across all considered phases.