标题： 热宏观经济学：一个关于总体经济现象的公理理论 显示英文标题

标题： Thermal Macroeconomics: An axiomatic theory of aggregate economic phenomena

摘要： 基于热力学数学结构的宏观经济学公理化方法被提出。 它推导了经济总体属性之间的关系，涉及商品和货币的数量与流动、价格以及货币价值，而无需依赖个体经济主体偏好和行为的微观经济基础。 这种方法有三个重要的收益。 1) 它为标准宏观经济学理论的某些方面提供了新的、坚实的理论基础，例如市场存在价格、货币价值、通货膨胀的意义、宏观Slutsky矩阵的对称性和负定性以及Le Chatelier-Samuelson原理的存在，而不依赖于对个体微观经济主体的不切实际的强理性假设。 2) 这种方法产生了新的成果，包括在两个或多个经济体接触时，货币流动和贸易的影响，这些成果基于新的概念，如经济熵、经济温度、商品价值和货币容量。 其中一些概念与标准经济概念（如货币的边际效用、市场价格）有关。 然而，我们的方法是在纯粹的宏观经济层面上推导它们，并赋予它们独立于通常限制的意义。 这些概念中的另一些，如经济熵和温度，在标准经济学中没有直接对应物，但它们分别具有整体效用和货币的逆边际整体效用的重要经济解释和含义。 3) 通过与非平衡热力学思想建立桥梁，这种分析有望为宏观经济学开辟新的领域。 更广泛地说，我们希望经济熵（控制经济系统状态可能转变的规律）对于社会科学的重要性能够像在自然科学中一样成果丰硕。 显示英文摘要

摘要： An axiomatic approach to macroeconomics based on the mathematical structure of thermodynamics is presented. It deduces relations between aggregate properties of an economy, concerning quantities and flows of goods and money, prices and the value of money, without any recourse to microeconomic foundations about the preferences and actions of individual economic agents. The approach has three important payoffs. 1) it provides a new and solid foundation for aspects of standard macroeconomic theory such as the existence of market prices, the value of money, the meaning of inflation, the symmetry and negative-definiteness of the macro-Slutsky matrix, and the Le Chatelier-Samuelson principle, without relying on implausibly strong rationality assumptions over individual microeconomic agents. 2) the approach generates new results, including implications for money flow and trade when two or more economies are put in contact, in terms of new concepts such as economic entropy, economic temperature, goods' values and money capacity. Some of these are related to standard economic concepts (eg marginal utility of money, market prices). Yet our approach derives them at a purely macroeconomic level and gives them a meaning independent of usual restrictions. Others of the concepts, such as economic entropy and temperature, have no direct counterparts in standard economics, but they have important economic interpretations and implications, as aggregate utility and the inverse marginal aggregate utility of money, respectively. 3) this analysis promises to open up new frontiers in macroeconomics by building a bridge to ideas from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. More broadly, we hope that the economic analogue of entropy (governing the possible transitions between states of economic systems) may prove to be as fruitful for the social sciences as entropy has been in the natural sciences.