标题： 反热化：由冷加热以及相反的情况 显示英文标题

标题： Anti-thermalization: Heating by cooling and vice versa

摘要： 常见的直觉告诉我们，如果一个连通系统的某一部分持续冷却，其他部分也应该会降温。 这种直觉可以为一个通用量子系统与一个保持在给定温度的“电极”耦合的情况提供微观基础。 我们表明，通过抑制两部分之间的共振能量交换，可以逆转系统的命运，即当电极冷却到基态时，系统可以向其最激发态加热，反之亦然。 这种反热力学动力学出现在具有守恒$U(1)$电荷的一类广泛系统中，并且可以在现有设置中的两个量子比特上进行测试。 我们表明，该机制允许制备中谱非经典态，在封闭系统中产生稳定的温度梯度，以及在整体冷却存在的情况下子空间加热的高度非热态。 我们的发现突显了耦合性质的关键作用，并揭示了对称性和共振效应在热化动力学中的丰富相互作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Common intuition tells us that if one part of a connected system is cooled continuously, the other parts should also cool down. This intuition can be given a microscopic foundation for the case of a generic quantum system coupled to a "lead" that is maintained at a given temperature. We show that by suppressing resonant energy exchange between the two parts, one can reverse the fate of the system, namely, it can heat up toward its most excited state as the lead is cooled to its ground state, and vice versa. This anti-thermal dynamics arises in a broad class of systems with a conserved $U(1)$ charge, and can be tested with two qubits in existing setups. We show that the mechanism allows one to prepare mid-spectrum nonclassical states, stable temperature gradients in closed systems, and highly athermal states where subspaces heat in the presence of overall cooling. Our findings highlight the critical role played by the nature of the coupling and reveal a rich interplay between symmetry and resonance effects in the dynamics of thermalization.