标题： 热交换涨落定理在被动和主动浴之间 显示英文标题

标题： Fluctuation Theorems for Heat exchanges between passive and active baths

摘要： 除了对概率分布提供一般性约束外，涨落定理还能推断出温度在热量交换现象中所起作用的重要信息。 在这一数值研究中，我们使用一个涨落定理来测量非平衡活性浴的温度，该定理将两个浴之间交换的热量波动与其温度相关联。 我们的装置由一个在四次势阱中移动的粒子组成，该势阱容纳了两个不同的浴。 两个浴之间的热量交换根据两种定义进行监测：一种是当粒子从一个势阱跳到另一个势阱时所携带的动能，另一种是当粒子浸入其中一个浴时对该浴所做的功。 首先，我们考虑两个处于不同温度下的平衡浴，并验证包含浴温度的涨落定理对于这两种热量定义都成立。 然后，我们在其中一个浴中引入额外的高斯色噪声，使其有效成为活性（非平衡）浴。 我们发现，即使在这种情况下，两种热量定义的涨落定理仍然成立。 有趣的是，在这种情况下，通过涨落定理得到的活性浴温度在考虑第一种热量定义时对应于动能温度，而在第二种定义下则更大。 我们通过观察粒子跳跃现象来解释这些结果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In addition to providing general constraints on probability distributions, fluctuation theorems allow to infer essential information on the role played by temperature in heat exchange phenomena. In this numerical study, we measure the temperature of an out of equilibrium active bath using a fluctuation theorem that relates the fluctuations of the heat exchanged between two baths to their temperatures. Our setup consists of a single particle moving between two wells of a quartic potential accommodating two different baths. The heat exchanged between the two baths is monitored according to two definitions: as the kinetic energy carried by the particle whenever it jumps from one well to the other and as the work performed by the particle on one of the two baths when immersed in it. First, we consider two equilibrium baths at two different temperatures and verify that a fluctuation theorem featuring the baths temperatures holds for both heat definitions. Then, we introduce an additional Gaussian coloured noise in one of the baths, so as to make it effectively an active (out-of-equilibrium) bath. We find that a fluctuation theorem is still satisfied with both heat definitions. Interestingly, in this case the temperature obtained through the fluctuation theorem for the active bath corresponds to the kinetic temperature when considering the first heat definition, while it is larger with the second one. We interpret these results by looking at the particle jump phenomenology.