标题： 解开碱金属里德伯原子范德华相互作用中的结构 显示英文标题

标题： Unravelling the Structures in the van der Waals Interactions of Alkali Rydberg Atoms

摘要： 里德伯原子由于其独特的性质，如强偶极和范德华相互作用，在广泛的应用中被使用。 选择的里德伯态对相互作用的强度和角度依赖性有巨大影响，因此对相互作用的基本过程和结果性质的深入了解对于选择最适合实验的态是关键的。 我们详细研究了碱金属原子中的范德华相互作用，并强调了有助于理解和利用各种相互作用特性的结构。 一个特别的主题是识别具有$n_1 \neq n_2$的福勒共振，它们提供了具有广泛性质的相互作用势能，这使它们在实验应用中特别有趣。 第二个主题是关注塑造相互作用的角度依赖性和符号的底层结构。 这种理解——而不是蛮力计算——使得寻找合适的双态更加简单和系统。 这些见解可用于根据实验约束和要求选择定制的相互作用势能。 在这项工作中，我们以铷为例物种，并在附录中提供了铯以及通过两光子或三光子跃迁耦合的双态的数据，即到 F 态的数据。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Rydberg atoms are used in a wide range of applications due to their peculiar properties like strong dipolar and van der Waals interactions. The choice of Rydberg state has a huge impact on the strength and angular dependence of the interactions, and so a detailed understanding of the underlying processes and resulting properties of the interactions is therefore key to select the most suitable states for experiments. We study the van der Waals interactions in alkali atoms in detail and highlight the structures which allow an understanding and exploitation of the various interaction properties. A particular theme is the identification of F\"orster resonances with $n_1 \neq n_2$, which offer interaction potentials with a wide range of properties that make them particularly interesting for experimental applications. A second theme is a focus on the underlying structures that shape the angular dependency and sign of the interactions. This understanding -- instead of brute-force calculations -- allows for a much simpler and more systematic search for suitable pair states. These insights can be used for the selection of tailored interaction potentials subject to experimental constraints and requirements. We use rubidium as an example species in this work and also provide data for cesium and pair states that are coupled via two- or three-photon transitions, i.e. up to F states, in the appendix.