标题： Wannier-Stark场对环境增强型量子电池的建设性影响 显示英文标题

标题： Constructive impact of Wannier-Stark field on environment-boosted quantum batteries

摘要： 利用玻色子和费米子Hubbard模型的基态作为电池的初始状态，我们证明了除了使用Wannier-Stark（WS）场充电外，再结合 onsite 相互作用可以增加电池的最大功率。尽管这种优势并非普遍存在，但与费米子电池相比，玻色子电池受到WS场的影响更大。特别是存在一个临界WS场强值，在此之上电池的功率会得到提升。此外，当电池处于仅包含跃迁项的玻色子和费米子Hubbard模型的基态时，并且充电通过 onsite 相互作用和WS场完成时（无论电池的晶格尺寸如何），我们得出了存储功的封闭形式表达式。另外，我们展示了即使没有充电，也可以从费米子电池中提取功，条件是边缘位点连接到两个具有高温的局部热浴——我们将这一过程称为{\it 环境辅助的功提取能力}。不过需要注意的是，当晶格尺寸增大且存在Wannier-Stark场时，玻色子电池能够在瞬态阶段表现出这种环境效益。尽管如此，如果使用 onsite 相互作用或具有临界强度的WS势作为充电器，在热浴存在的情况下，可以从玻色子和费米子电池中存储和提取能量。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Using the ground states of the Bose- and Fermi-Hubbard model as the battery's initial state, we demonstrate that using the Wannier-Stark (WS) field for charging in addition to onsite interactions can increase the maximum power of the battery. Although the benefit is not ubiquitous, bosonic batteries are more affected by the WS field than fermionic ones. In particular, there exists a critical WS field strength above which the power gets increased in the battery. Further, we determine a closed form expression of the stored work when the battery is in the ground state of the Bose- and Fermi-Hubbard model with only hopping term and the charging is carried out with onsite interactions and WS field irrespective of lattice-size of the battery. Moreover, we exhibit that it is possible to extract work in the fermionic batteries even without charging when the edge sites are attached to two local thermal baths having high temperatures -- this process we refer to as {\it environment-assisted ergotropy}. Note, however, that the bosonic batteries are able to exhibit such an environmental benefit in the transient regime when the lattice-size is increased and when Wannier-Stark field is present. Nonetheless, if the onsite interaction or WS potential with a critical strength is utilized as a charger, energy can be stored and extracted from both bosonic and fermionic batteries in the presence of the thermal baths.