标题： 以数据驱动的需求响应型交通Accessibility计算 显示英文标题

标题： Data-Driven Computation of the Accessibility Provided by Demand-Responsive Transport

摘要： 常规公共交通（PT）无法满足低需求地区的移动性需求。这些地区可以通过在公共交通系统内整合需求响应型交通（DRT），即公交路线动态适应用户需求的方式，得到更好的服务。尽管文献主要关注了DRT的服务水平，但忽略了其对可及性的贡献，可及性衡量的是接近机会（如学校、工作、其他居民）的便利程度。因此，以下简单的问题仍未得到解答：当部署DRT时，每小时可以多接近多少个机会？然而，目前尚无方法量化传统公共交通和DRT整合所带来的可及性。我们提出了一种基于等时线计算可及性的新方法。主要挑战在于，虽然基于图模型的交通系统可以计算等时线，但无法模拟DRT，因为其路线是动态且随机的。为解决这一问题，我们提出了一种基于多天DRT运营数据分析的数据驱动方法。该方法在意大利Acireale的一个案例研究中进行了测试，在Visum中模拟了一个多对多的DRT服务与城市公共交通系统的整合。结果显示，与当前部署的传统公交线路相比，DRT提供的可及性更高，地理分布也更加均衡。虽然现有的DRT规划仅基于服务水平和成本，但我们的方法使DRT规划者和运营商能够将重点转向可及性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Conventional Public Transport (PT) cannot support the mobility needs in weak demand areas. Such areas could be better served by integrating, within PT, Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT), in which bus routes dynamically adapt to user demand. While the literature has focused on the level of service of DRT, it has overlooked its contribution to accessibility, which measures the ease of accessing opportunities (e.g, schools, jobs, other residents). Therefore, the following simple question remains unanswered: How many additional opportunities per hour can be reached when DRT is deployed? However, no method exists to quantify the accessibility resulting from the integration of conventional PT and DRT. We propose a novel method to compute isochrone-based accessibility. The main challenge is that, while accessibility isochrones are computed on top of a graph-model of the transport system, no graph can model DRT, since its routes are dynamic and stochastic. To overcome this issue, we propose a data-driven method, based on the analysis of multiple days of DRT operation. The methodology is tested on a case study in Acireale (Italy) simulated in Visum, where a many-to-many DRT service is integrated with a metropolitan mass transit. We show that, regarding the currently deployed conventional bus lines, the accessibility provided by DRT is much higher and its geographical distribution more equal. While current DRT planning is based exclusively on level of service and cost, our approach allows DRT planners and operators to shift their focus on accessibility.