标题： RTL标记：通过硬件水印框架保护LLM生成的RTL版权 显示英文标题

标题： RTLMarker: Protecting LLM-Generated RTL Copyright via a Hardware Watermarking Framework

摘要： 近年来，大型语言模型在Verilog生成领域的进展引发了若干伦理和安全问题，例如代码版权保护和恶意代码的传播。 研究人员已采用水印技术来识别由大型语言模型生成的代码。 然而，现有的水印工作由于RTL代码与Python等软件代码之间的显著句法和语义差异，无法有效保护RTL代码的版权。 本文提出了一种硬件水印框架RTLMarker，该框架将水印嵌入到RTL代码中，并进一步嵌入到综合后的网表中。 我们提出了一组基于规则的Verilog代码转换，确保水印后的RTL代码的句法和语义正确性。 此外，我们考虑了水印透明度与水印有效性之间的固有权衡，并对其进行联合优化。 实验结果表明，RTLMarker在RTL代码水印方面优于基线方法。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recent advances of large language models in the field of Verilog generation have raised several ethical and security concerns, such as code copyright protection and dissemination of malicious code. Researchers have employed watermarking techniques to identify codes generated by large language models. However, the existing watermarking works fail to protect RTL code copyright due to the significant syntactic and semantic differences between RTL code and software code in languages such as Python. This paper proposes a hardware watermarking framework RTLMarker that embeds watermarks into RTL code and deeper into the synthesized netlist. We propose a set of rule-based Verilog code transformations , ensuring the watermarked RTL code's syntactic and semantic correctness. In addition, we consider an inherent tradeoff between watermark transparency and watermark effectiveness and jointly optimize them. The results demonstrate RTLMarker's superiority over the baseline in RTL code watermarking.