标题： 多物种交通中的普遍性 显示英文标题

标题： Universality in multispecies traffic

摘要： 理解交通异质性的性质在城市中广泛采用微移动性的情况下具有重要意义。 基于大量现场数据和非平衡模型，我们证明了异构的多物种交通属于与多孔流相关的固有非平衡普适类，即一维中的定向渗透（DP）。 我们的主要发现是，从宏观上看，多物种交通行为类似于水通过多孔介质的渗透。 这一假设多年来未得到解决，主要是由于平衡方法与远离平衡的现象不兼容，以及复杂性理论在交通文献中的有限共振。 DP意味着存在一个非平凡的相变，从无序的亚临界相到有序的超临界相，该相变依赖于一个类似温度的控制参数，并由普遍的幂律支配。 我们的模型通过考虑多物种交通配置中由于以车道为基础的主机系统与无车道的寄生流层耦合而存在的非线性、随机扰动，解释了实验数据中发现的大范围散射。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Understanding the nature of traffic heterogeneity is of major importance, given the widespread adoption of micromobility in cities. Based on massive field data and a nonequilibrium model, we demonstrate that heterogeneous, multispecies traffic is a member of an inherently nonequilibrium universality class associated with porous flows, namely directed percolation (DP) in one spatial dimension. Our central finding is that, macroscopically, multispecies traffic behaves like water percolating through a porous medium. This hypothesis remained unresolved for years mainly due to the incompatibility of equilibrium approaches with phenomena that are quite far from equilibrium and the limited resonance of complexity theory in the transportation literature. DP entails the existence of a nontrivial phase transition from a disordered subcritical phase to an ordered supercritical phase that depends on a temperature-like control parameter and is governed by a universal power-law. Our model explains the large scatter found in experimental data by taking into account the nonlinear, stochastic perturbations present in multispecies traffic configurations due to coupling of a predominantly lane-based host system with a layer of lane-free parasitic flows.