应用物理

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交叉提交 (展示 5 之 5 条目 )

[1] arXiv:2507.13376 (交叉列表自 physics.data-an) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 基于物理的复合板冲击定位与力估计及不确定性量化 显示英文标题

标题： Physics-guided impact localisation and force estimation in composite plates with uncertainty quantification

Dong Xiao, Zahra Sharif-Khodaei, M. H. Aliabadi

评论： 37页（包括附录和参考文献），16图

主题： 数据分析、统计与概率 (physics.data-an) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 机器学习 (cs.LG) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

物理引导的方法为在复合结构中准确且具有泛化能力的冲击识别提供了一条有前景的路径，特别是在实验数据稀疏的情况下。 本文提出了一种混合框架，用于复合板的冲击定位和力估计，结合了初阶剪切变形理论（FSDT）的数据驱动实现与机器学习和不确定性量化。 结构配置和材料特性从色散关系中推断出来，而边界条件则通过模态特征进行识别，以构建一个低保真但物理一致的FSDT模型。 该模型通过监督学习实现了物理信息的数据增强，用于外推定位。 同时，从同一模型中派生出的自适应正则化方案提高了冲击力重建的鲁棒性。 该框架通过将定位不确定性传播到力估计过程中来考虑不确定性，产生概率输出。 在复合板实验中的验证确认了该框架在减少对大型训练数据集依赖方面的准确性、鲁棒性和效率。 所提出的方法为复合航空结构的冲击监测和结构健康管理提供了一个可扩展和可转移的解决方案。 显示英文摘要

Physics-guided approaches offer a promising path toward accurate and generalisable impact identification in composite structures, especially when experimental data are sparse. This paper presents a hybrid framework for impact localisation and force estimation in composite plates, combining a data-driven implementation of First-Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) with machine learning and uncertainty quantification. The structural configuration and material properties are inferred from dispersion relations, while boundary conditions are identified via modal characteristics to construct a low-fidelity but physically consistent FSDT model. This model enables physics-informed data augmentation for extrapolative localisation using supervised learning. Simultaneously, an adaptive regularisation scheme derived from the same model improves the robustness of impact force reconstruction. The framework also accounts for uncertainty by propagating localisation uncertainty through the force estimation process, producing probabilistic outputs. Validation on composite plate experiments confirms the framework's accuracy, robustness, and efficiency in reducing dependence on large training datasets. The proposed method offers a scalable and transferable solution for impact monitoring and structural health management in composite aerostructures.

[2] arXiv:2507.13509 (交叉列表自 physics.optics) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 可编程的空频线性变换在光子交织架构中的应用 显示英文标题

标题： Programmable Space-Frequency Linear Transformations in Photonic Interlacing Architectures

Jonathan Friedman, Kevin Zelaya, Mostafa Honari-Latifpour, Mohammad-Ali Miri

主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

可编程光子电路是多功能的平台，通过使用可重新配置的光电子元件在多个干涉路径中路由光，以执行复杂的离散线性操作。 这些电路在各种应用中具有高速和低功耗光子信息处理的潜力。 主流的可编程光子研究集中在对在一组空间分离的单模波导的模式幅度中编码的离散信号实施线性操作。 然而，许多光子器件应用需要在空频域中同时进行变换，其中信息既编码在波导的空间模式中，也编码在其光谱内容中。 在此，我们实验上展示了使用具有交替结构的$4 \times 4$端口可编程硅光子电路进行线性空频变换。 这种设计利用了耦合波导阵列的有限色散，以实现具有可重新配置的频率依赖矩阵元素的线性操作。 我们利用该器件进行波长解复用和滤波。 这种架构平台可以为各种应用的多功能器件铺平道路，从波长路由到可编程色散控制。 显示英文摘要

Programmable photonic circuits are versatile platforms that route light through multiple interference paths using reconfigurable optoelectronic elements to perform complex discrete linear operations. These circuits offer the potential for high-speed and low-power photonic information processing in various applications. The mainstream research on programmable photonics has focused on implementing linear operations on discrete signals encoded in the modal amplitudes of an array of spatially separated single-mode waveguides. However, many photonic device applications require simultaneous transformations in the space-frequency domain, where information is encoded in both the spatial modes of waveguides and their spectral content. Here, we experimentally demonstrate linear space-frequency transformations using a $4 \times 4$-port programmable silicon photonic circuit with an alternating architecture. This design leverages the limited dispersion of coupled waveguide arrays to enable linear operations with reconfigurable frequency-dependent matrix elements. We utilize this device to perform wavelength demultiplexing and filtering. This architecture platform can pave the way for versatile devices with applications ranging from wavelength routing to programmable dispersion control.

[3] arXiv:2507.13574 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 低温下用于量子计算应用的商用SP4T微机电开关的性能评估 显示英文标题

标题： Cryogenic Performance Evaluation of Commercial SP4T Microelectromechanical Switch for Quantum Computing Applications

Yong-Bok Lee, Connor Devitt, Xu Zhu, Nicholas Yost, Yabei Gu, Sunil A. Bhave

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)

超导量子计算机已成为下一代计算的领先平台，提供了卓越的可扩展性和前所未有的计算速度。 然而，将这些系统扩展到数百万个量子比特以用于实际应用带来了重大挑战，特别是由于互连瓶颈。 为解决这一挑战，大量研究集中于开发低温多路复用器，使室温电子设备与量子处理器之间的布线最小化。 本文研究了商用微机电系统（MEMS）开关在大规模量子计算系统中的低温多路复用器的可行性。 通过有限元仿真和实验测量，在低温条件（<10 K）下评估了MEMS开关的直流和射频特性。 我们的结果表明，MEMS开关在低温下表现出改进的导通电阻、较低的工作电压和优越的射频性能，并且能够在1亿次循环以上可靠运行。 此外，在低温条件下实现了稳定的单刀四掷（SP4T）切换和逻辑操作，包括与非门和或非门，验证了其在量子计算中的潜力。 这些结果突显了MEMS开关在实现大规模量子计算系统方面的前景。 显示英文摘要

Superconducting quantum computers have emerged as a leading platform for next-generation computing, offering exceptional scalability and unprecedented computational speeds. However, scaling these systems to millions of qubits for practical applications poses substantial challenges, particularly due to interconnect bottlenecks. To address this challenge, extensive research has focused on developing cryogenic multiplexers that enable minimal wiring between room-temperature electronics and quantum processors. This paper investigates the viability of commercial microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches for cryogenic multiplexers in large-scale quantum computing systems. DC and RF characteristics of the MEMS switches are evaluated at cryogenic temperatures (< 10 K) through finite element simulations and experimental measurements. Our results demonstrate that MEMS switches exhibit improved on-resistance, lower operating voltage, and superior RF performance at cryogenic temperatures, with reliable operation over 100 million cycles. Furthermore, stable single-pole four-throw (SP4T) switching and logical operations, including NAND and NOR gates, are demonstrated at cryogenic temperatures, validating their potential for quantum computing. These results underscore the promise of MEMS switches in realizing large-scale quantum computing systems.

[4] arXiv:2507.13842 (交叉列表自 physics.optics) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 断层扫描体积增材制造的重叠打印 显示英文标题

标题： Overprinting with Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing

Felix Wechsler, Viola Sgarminato, Riccardo Rizzo, Baptiste Nicolet, Wenzel Jakob, Christophe Moser

主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

断层体积增材制造（TVAM）是一种基于光的3D打印技术，能够在几秒钟内制造出厘米级的物体。 一个关键挑战在于在非标准条件下投影图案的计算，例如存在遮挡以及具有不同光学特性的材料，包括不同的折射率或散射表面。 本工作重点是展示各种过印场景。 首先，利用一个远心激光基TVAM（LaserTVAM），我们展示了在现有喷嘴上使用生物相容性树脂打印微流体灌注系统的演示，以用于潜在的生物医学应用。 在后续的演示中，嵌入生物树脂中的球体在灌注系统内被定位，并优化成特定的图案，并在不到三分钟内通过打印的通道成功连接到喷嘴。 作为最终的LaserTVAM示例，我们在有光泽的金属杆上打印齿轮，考虑了来自金属杆表面的散射光线。 使用一个非远心LED基TVAM（LEDTVAM），我们随后在已放置在树脂中的现有LED上进行刻字。 在该LED上添加一个额外的打印透镜后，我们可以将这些刻字投射到屏幕上。 在相同的设置下，我们打印微透镜在装有水的玻璃管上，使我们能够对嵌入玻璃管中的样品进行成像。 基于一种可微分的物理基础光线光学方法，我们能够在现有的开源框架Dr.TVAM中优化所有这些场景。 该框架能够在几分钟内优化LaserTVAM和LEDTVAM设置的高质量投影，以及在几秒内优化低质量投影，在速度、灵活性和质量方面优于现有解决方案。 显示英文摘要

Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (TVAM) is a light-based 3D printing technique capable of producing centimeter-scale objects within seconds. A key challenge lies in the calculation of projection patterns under non-standard conditions, such as the presence of occlusions and materials with diverse optical properties, including varying refractive indices or scattering surfaces. This work focuses on demonstrating a wide variety of overprinting scenarios. First, utilizing a telecentric laser-based TVAM (LaserTVAM), we demonstrate the printing of a microfluidic perfusion system with biocompatible resins on existing nozzles for potential biomedical applications. In a subsequent demonstration, embedded spheres within the bio-resins are localized inside this perfusion system, optimized into specific patterns, and successfully connected to the nozzles via printed channels in less than three minutes. As a final LaserTVAM example, we print gears on a glossy metal rod, taking into account the scattered rays from the rod's surface. Using a non-telecentric LED-based TVAM (LEDTVAM), we then overprint engravings onto an existing LED placed in the resin. With an additional printed lens on this LED, we can project those engravings onto a screen. In a similar application with the same setup, we print microlenses on a glass tube filled with water, allowing us to image samples embedded within the glass tubes. Based on a differentiable physically-based ray optical approach, we are able to optimize all these scenarios within our existing open-source framework called Dr.TVAM. This framework enables the optimization of high-quality projections for both LaserTVAM and LEDTVAM setups within minutes, as well as lower-quality projections within seconds, outperforming existing solutions in terms of speed, flexibility, and quality.

[5] arXiv:2507.14003 (交叉列表自 physics.optics) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 中红外传感应用中量子级联激光器与硅上锗波导的混合集成 显示英文标题

标题： Hybrid Integration of Quantum Cascade Lasers with Germanium-on-Silicon waveguides for Mid-Infrared Sensing Applications

Colin J. Mitchell, Longqi Zhou, Ke Li, Daniel Adeyemi, Ahmed Osman, Milos Nedeljkovic, Glenn Churchill, James C. Gates, Graham T. Reed, Kristian M. Groom, Jon Heffernan, Goran Mashanovich

评论： 8页，6图

主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 信号处理 (eess.SP) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

我们提出了一种新型方案，将量子级联激光器条与在中红外波段工作的硅上锗波导进行混合集成。 激光条通过倒装芯片键合技术直接键合到硅上锗目标芯片上，无需主动对准，在脉冲操作下实现了高达45%（3.5分贝损耗）的端面耦合效率。 光学功率估算表明，有20-30毫瓦的光功率耦合进入波导。 被动对准方法结合CMOS兼容的光子集成电路制造工艺，为实现传感、自由空间通信以及新型光源的全集成中红外光子系统提供了一条可扩展的路径。 显示英文摘要

We present a novel scheme for hybrid integration of quantum cascade laser bars with germanium-on-silicon waveguides operating in the mid-infrared. The laser bars are flip-chip bonded onto a germanium-on-silicon target chip without active alignment, acheiving end-fire coupling efficiency of up to 45% (3.5 dB loss) in pulsed operation. Optical power estimates indicate 20-30 mW coupled into the waveguides. The passive alignment approach, combined with a CMOS-compatible photonic integrated circuit fabrication process, offers a scalable pathway to fully integrated mid-infrared photonic systems for sensing, free-space communications, and the realisation of novel light sources.

替换提交 (展示 3 之 3 条目 )

[6] arXiv:2308.13407 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 超顺磁纳米粒子材料在高频电感器核心中的设计 显示英文标题

标题： Design of superparamagnetic nanoparticle-materials for high-frequency inductor cores

Mathias Zambach, Ziwei Ouyang, Matti Knaapila, Marco Beleggia, Cathrine Frandsen

评论： 10页，6图，1表，17个编号公式

主题： 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

半导体工业的进步导致了对适用于微制造电感器核心的高频磁性材料的巨大需求。 纳米复合材料，包含在非导电基质中的磁性纳米颗粒，可能为在兆赫兹范围内具有高磁化率或渗透率且功率损耗低的材料提供解决方案，在该频率范围内传统铁氧体材料性能不足。 在此，我们提出一种使用磁性纳米颗粒的材料设计指南。 我们使用统计力学方法推导出在单轴或立方各向异性情况下纳米颗粒的磁化率，作为颗粒尺寸和外加磁场方向的函数，并研究形状和相互作用效应对磁化率的影响。 考虑到电感器核心的应用，利用推导出的磁化率，我们表明具有高饱和磁化强度和低磁各向异性的材料，如FeNi$_3$的接近球形颗粒是最优的。 此外，颗粒尺寸应优化为尽可能大，同时在相关频率下保持超顺磁行为。 基于此，我们预测对于随机取向（/单轴取向）的20$\pm$1 nm直径的FeNi$_3$颗粒，高磁化率可达$>$700 (/$>$1500)，并且通过2 MHz时的低相位差分量显示出高频稳定性。 这意味着含有纳米颗粒的材料有潜力被调节以在兆赫兹频率下超越最先进的铁氧体电感器核心材料。 显示英文摘要

The progress in the semiconductor industry has resulted in great demand for high-frequency magnetic materials applicable in microfabricated inductor cores. Nanocomposite materials, containing magnetic nanoparticles in a non-conducting matrix, may provide a solution for materials with high susceptibility or permeability and low power loss in the MHz regime, where traditional ferrites fail in performance. Here, we present a design guide for usage of magnetic nanoparticles in such materials. We use statistical mechanics methods to derive the magnetic susceptibility of nanoparticles in case of uniaxial or cubic anisotropy, as function of particle size and applied field direction, and investigate shape and interaction effects on the susceptibility. Using the derived susceptibilities, with inductor-core applications in mind, we show that close-to-spherical particles of materials with high saturation magnetization and low magnetic anisotropy, such as FeNi$_3$, are optimal. Additionally, the particle size shall be optimized to be as large as possible while maintaining superparamagnetic behaviour at the relevant frequency. Based on this, we predict that high particle susceptibilities of $>$700 (/$>$1500) are possible for randomly oriented (/uniaxially aligned) 20$\pm$1 nm diameter FeNi$_3$ particles, together with high-frequency stability, shown by low out-of-phase component at 2 MHz. This implies that materials containing nanoparticles have the potential to be tuned to outperform state-of-the-art ferrite inductor-core materials at MHz-frequencies.

[7] arXiv:2501.09818 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： CV-MDI-QKD概述 显示英文标题

标题： An Overview of CV-MDI-QKD

Alasdair I. Fletcher, Cillian Harney, Masoud Ghalaii, Panagiotis Papanastasiou, Alexandros Mountogiannakis, Gaetana Spedalieri, Adnan A. E. Hajomer, Tobias Gehring, Stefano Pirandola

评论： 简要综述论文。欢迎提出意见

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 其他凝聚态物理 (cond-mat.other) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 光学 (physics.optics)

随着量子密钥分发（QKD）成为应对量子计算机威胁的有力防御手段，研究人员已经取得了显著进展。 重点在于开发不仅简化硬件实现如使用连续变量（CV）系统，而且消除对可信节点的需要的协议，如测量设备无关（MDI）方法所示。 本文深入探讨了这些方法在CV-MDI-QKD协议中的集成，提供了对其发展、主要特征以及理论和实验最新进展的深入分析。 显示英文摘要

As quantum key distribution (QKD) emerges as a robust defense against quantum computer threats, significant advancements have been realized by researchers. A pivotal focus has been the development of protocols that not only simplify hardware implementation like the use of continuous-variable (CV) systems, but also negate the necessity for trusted nodes, as seen with the measurement-device independent (MDI) approach. This paper delves into the integration of these methodologies in the CV-MDI-QKD protocol, offering an in-depth exploration of its evolution, primary characteristics, and the latest advancements in both theory and experiment.

[8] arXiv:2502.03394 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 单畴粒子中的去磁效应 显示英文标题

标题： Demagnetisation effects in single-domain particles

Mathias Zambach, Miriam Varón, Mads R. Almind, Matti Knaapila, Ziwei Ouyang, Marco Beleggia, Cathrine Frandsen

评论： 6页，2图，17个编号公式。arXiv管理员注释：文本与arXiv:2308.13407重叠

主题： 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

根据磁学的经典定律，磁性软物体的形状限制了有效磁化率。 例如，球形软磁体的有效磁化率不能超过3。 虽然对于宏观多畴磁性材料来说这是正确的，但我们解释了为什么单畴状态下的磁性纳米颗粒不受此限制。 我们表明，沿主轴的退磁因子之间的差异是相关的，并且可以影响单畴粒子的磁化率，但不像多畴粒子那样限制磁化率。 我们在不同直径（8至150 nm）和不同体积分数（0.1至47 vol%）的球形纳米颗粒上实验验证了这一结果。 与我们的预测一致，我们测量到单畴粒子的磁化率远高于3，实际上高达250以上。 此外，与现有模型相反，我们发现非磁性基质中不相互作用的单畴粒子的磁化率与粒子体积分数成简单的线性关系。 显示英文摘要

According to the classical laws of magnetism, the shape of magnetically soft objects limits the effective susceptibility. For example, spherical soft magnets cannot display an effective susceptibility larger than 3. Although true for macroscopic multi-domain magnetic materials, we explain why magnetic nanoparticles in a single-domain state do not suffer from this limitation. We show that the differences between demagnetisation factors along principal axes are relevant and can influence susceptibility for single-domain particles, but do not limit the susceptibility as in the case for multi-domain particles. We validate this result experimentally on spherical nanoparticles with varying diameter (8 to 150 nm) and varying volume fraction (0.1 to 47 vol%). In agreement with our predictions, we measure susceptibilities largely above 3, in fact up to more than 250, for single-domain particles. Moreover, contrary to an existing model, we find that the susceptibility of non-interacting single-domain particles in a non-magnetic matrix scales simply linearly with the volume fraction of particles.