应用物理

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[1] arXiv:2509.03679 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 在向Ku波段频率扩展ScAlN体声波滤波器中的挑战 显示英文标题

标题： Challenges in Scaling ScAlN Bulk Acoustic Wave Filters toward Ku-Band Frequencies

Sinwoo Cho, Byeongjin Kim, Lezli Matto, Omar Barrera, Pietro Simeoni, Yinan Wang, Michael Liao, Tzu-Hsuan Hsu, Jack Kramer, Matteo Rinaldi, Mark S. Goorsky, Ruochen Lu

评论： 7页，10图，1表

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

本文报告了一种基于钪铝氮化物（ScAlN）薄膜体声谐振器（FBARs）的11.7 GHz紧凑型滤波器，并提供了对在向更高频率扩展时限制性能的基本挑战的详细分析。 一种基于单层薄膜ScAlN和铂（Pt）电极的50{\Omega }梯形滤波器在11.7 GHz下实现，3 dB分数带宽（FBW）为4.0%，带外抑制大于23.1 dB。 然而，该滤波器表现出中等的插入损耗（IL）为6.8 dB，这是由于组成谐振器中的品质（Q）因素有限所致。 因此，我们识别并分析了在减小薄膜堆叠厚度时ScAlN FBARs频率扩展的三个主要挑战：1）压电薄膜晶体质量的退化，2）超薄电极中增加的串联电阻，以及3）残余薄膜应力限制了器件尺寸和结构完整性。 通过建立这些制造层面的挑战与器件性能之间的明确关系，这项工作为未来毫米波应用的低损耗声学滤波器的发展提供了关键见解。 显示英文摘要

This paper reports an 11.7 GHz compact filter based on Scandium Aluminum Nitride (ScAlN) Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators (FBARs) and provides a detailed analysis of the fundamental challenges that limit performance when scaling to higher frequencies. A 50 {\Omega} ladder filter based on single-layer thin film ScAlN with Platinum (Pt) electrodes was demonstrated at 11.7 GHz with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 4.0% and an out of band rejection greater than 23.1 dB. However, the filter exhibits a moderate insertion loss (IL) of 6.8 dB, which is attributed to a limited Quality (Q) factor in the constituent resonators. Consequently, we identify and analyze three primary challenges in frequency scaling ScAlN FBARs with thinner film stacks: 1) degradation of piezoelectric thin-film crystal quality, 2) increased series resistance in ultra-thin electrodes, and 3) residual film stress that limits device size and structural integrity. By establishing a clear relationship between these fabrication-level challenges and the resulting device performance, this work provides critical insights for the future development of low-loss acoustic filters for millimeter-wave applications.

[2] arXiv:2509.03752 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 通过介质超表面中的人工光学非线性进行偏振控制 显示英文标题

标题： Polarization control via artificial optical nonlinearity in dielectric metasurfaces

Fuyong Yue, Giacomo Balistreri, Nicola Montaut, Fabrizio Riminucci, Andrea Toma, Riccardo Piccoli, Stefano Cabrini, Roberto Morandotti, Luca Razzari

评论： 15页，4图

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

非线性光学现象通常由物质系统中的几何结构所支配，因为它们依赖于材料或分子中原子的空间排列。 超表面通过亚波长尺度上精确设计的几何结构，使材料的光学响应能够超越其自然特性。 因此，超表面在实现前所未有的非线性光学相互作用工程方面具有高度吸引力。 目前对非线性超表面的研究主要集中在所产生的光的相位控制上。 然而，研究超表面非线性的张量性质及其对所产生的光偏振的影响对于充分解锁一系列应用至关重要，例如非线性矢量光束生成和非线性偏振成像。 在这里，我们研究了由其元原子对称性产生的介质超表面的人工光学非线性，并通过考虑偏振自由度来描述三阶非线性行为。 我们建立了一个有效的非线性介质模型，作为开发具有可定制特性的基于非晶硅的几何超表面的设计工具箱。 我们进一步提取了与所研究的非线性过程和几何结构相关的人工非线性极化率张量元素的定量值。 所实现的功能器件展示了介质超表面在幅度、相位和偏振方面塑造发射光的多功能性，以精确工程新型非线性架构，针对非线性成像和复杂光生成的应用。 显示英文摘要

Nonlinear optical phenomena are generally governed by geometry in matter systems, as they depend on the spatial arrangement of atoms within materials or molecules. Metasurfaces, through precisely designed geometries on a subwavelength scale, allow tailoring the optical response of a material far beyond its natural properties. Therefore, metasurfaces are highly appealing to enable the engineering of nonlinear optical interactions at an unprecedented level. Current studies on nonlinear metasurfaces predominantly focus on the phase control of the generated light. Nonetheless, investigating the tensorial nature of the nonlinearity of metasurfaces and its effect on the polarization of the generated light is critical to fully unlock a range of applications, such as nonlinear vector beam generation and nonlinear polarization imaging. Here, we study the artificial optical nonlinearity of a dielectric metasurface originating from its meta-atom symmetry and describe the third-order nonlinear behavior by considering the polarization degree of freedom. We establish an effective nonlinear medium model that serves as a design toolbox for developing amorphous silicon-based geometric metasurfaces with customizable features in third harmonic generation. We further extract quantitative values of the artificial nonlinear susceptibility tensor elements related to the investigated nonlinear process and geometry. The implemented functional devices demonstrate the versatility of dielectric metasurfaces in shaping the emitted light in terms of amplitude, phase, and polarization, for the precise engineering of novel nonlinear architectures targeting applications in nonlinear imaging and complex light generation.

[3] arXiv:2509.04137 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 用于低噪声、漂移稳定和可调化学传感的主动双栅石墨烯晶体管 显示英文标题

标题： Active Dual-Gated Graphene Transistors for Low-Noise, Drift-Stable, and Tunable Chemical Sensing

Vinay Kammarchedu, Heshmat Asgharian, Hossein Chenani, Aida Ebrahimi

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall) ; 系统与控制 (eess.SY)

石墨烯场效应晶体管（GFETs）由于其高载流子迁移率、大表面积和低本征噪声，成为超灵敏化学和生物传感最有前景的平台之一。 然而，在液体环境中，传统的单栅极GFET传感器存在严重的限制，包括信号漂移、电荷捕获和信号放大不足。 在此，我们引入了一种双栅极GFET结构，该结构集成了高介电常数的二氧化铪局部背栅与电解质顶栅，并结合了实时反馈偏置。 这种设计能够在同时抑制栅极漏电和低频噪声的情况下实现电容信号放大。 通过系统评估七种不同的操作模式，我们确定双模式固定配置为最优方案，实现了高达20倍的信号增益，与栅极扫描方法相比漂移降低了15倍以上，并在多种分析物（包括神经递质、挥发性有机化合物、环境污染物和蛋白质）中实现了高达7倍的信噪比。 我们进一步展示了使用PCB集成的GFET传感器阵列进行稳健的多路检测，突显了该平台在复杂环境中便携式、高通量传感的可扩展性和实用性。 综上所述，这些进展建立了一种多功能且稳定的传感技术，能够在环境和生理条件下实现实时、无标记的分子目标检测，在健康监测、食品安全、农业和环境筛查等领域具有广泛的应用前景。 显示英文摘要

Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are among the most promising platforms for ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensing due to their high carrier mobility, large surface area, and low intrinsic noise. However, conventional single-gate GFET sensors in liquid environments suffer from severe limitations, including signal drift, charge trapping, and insufficient signal amplification. Here, we introduce a dual-gate GFET architecture that integrates a high-k hafnium dioxide local back gate with an electrolyte top gate, coupled with real-time feedback biasing. This design enables capacitive signal amplification while simultaneously suppressing gate leakage and low-frequency noise. By systematically evaluating seven distinct operational modes, we identify the Dual Mode Fixed configuration as optimal, achieving up to 20x signal gain, > 15x lower drift compared with gate-swept methods, and up to 7x higher signal to noise ratio across a diverse range of analytes, including neurotransmitters, volatile organic compounds, environmental contaminants, and proteins. We further demonstrate robust, multiplexed detection using a PCB-integrated GFET sensor array, underscoring the scalability and practicality of the platform for portable, high-throughput sensing in complex environments. Together, these advances establish a versatile and stable sensing technology capable of real-time, label-free detection of molecular targets under ambient and physiological conditions, with broad applicability in health monitoring, food safety, agriculture, and environmental screening.

[4] arXiv:2509.04223 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 使用傅里叶变换的热扩散波场使神经网络理解内部传热 显示英文标题

标题： Making neural networks understand internal heat transfer using Fourier-transformed thermal diffusion wave fields

Pengfei Zhu, Hai Zhang, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Xavier Maldague, Andreas Mandelis

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

热传播由声子相互作用控制，并用偏微分方程（PDEs）进行数学描述，这些方程将热传输与材料的固有特性联系起来。传统的实验技术基于表面辐射来推断热响应，限制了它们全面解析地下结构和内部热分布的能力。此外，现有的热层析技术只能从每一层中拍摄一帧图像。物理信息神经网络（PINNs）最近作为解决传热中反问题的强大工具出现，通过将观测数据与物理约束相结合。然而，标准的PINNs主要专注于拟合给定的外部温度数据，而没有对未知的内部温度分布的明确了解。在本研究中，我们引入了一种赫姆霍兹信息神经网络（HINN），以预测内部温度分布，而无需内部测量。时域热扩散方程被转换到频域并成为伪赫姆霍兹方程。HINN将这个伪赫姆霍兹方程嵌入学习框架中，利用热场的真实和虚部。最后，逆傅里叶变换将真实部分和虚部带回时域，并可用于映射具有内部缺陷的三维热场。此外，进行了截断操作以提高计算效率，并采用了共轭对称性原理来修复被丢弃的数据。这种方法显著提高了预测精度和计算效率。我们的结果表明，HINN优于最先进的PINNs和反向热求解器，为材料科学、生物医学诊断和无损评估等应用中的非侵入式热成像提供了一种新解决方案。 显示英文摘要

Heat propagation is governed by phonon interactions and mathematically described by partial differential equations (PDEs), which link thermal transport to the intrinsic properties of materials. Conventional experimental techniques infer thermal responses based on surface emissions, limiting their ability to fully resolve subsurface structures and internal heat distribution. Additionally, existing thermal tomographic techniques can only shoot one frame from each layer. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for solving inverse problems in heat transfer by integrating observational data with physical constraints. However, standard PINNs are primarily focused on fitting the given external temperature data, without explicit knowledge of the unknown internal temperature distribution. In this study, we introduce a Helmholtz-informed neural network (HINN) to predict internal temperature distributions without requiring internal measurements. The time-domain heat diffusion equation was converted to the frequency-domain and becomes the pseudo-Helmholtz equation. HINN embeds this pseudo-Helmholtz equation into the learning framework, leveraging both real and imaginary components of the thermal field. Finally, an inverse Fourier transform brings real-part and imagery-part back to the time-domain and can be used to map 3D thermal fields with interior defects. Furthermore, a truncated operation was conducted to improve computational efficiency, and the principle of conjugate symmetry was employed for repairing the discarded data. This approach significantly enhances predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. Our results demonstrate that HINN outperforms state-of-the-art PINNs and inverse heat solvers, offering a novel solution for non-invasive thermography in applications spanning materials science, biomedical diagnostics, and nondestructive evaluation.

[5] arXiv:2509.04263 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 基于蒸发冷冻冷却激励的热扩散率测量：理论与实验 显示英文标题

标题： Thermal diffusivity measurement based on evaporative cryocooling excitation: Theory and experiments

Pengfei Zhu, Hai Zhang, Stefano Sfarra, Fabrizio Sarasini, Ruben Usamentiaga, Gunther Steenackers, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Xavier Maldague, Andreas Mandelis

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

光热方法测量热扩散率本质上是一个不适定的逆问题，受样品厚度、加热或冷却时间以及激发能量等因素的影响。 在非脉冲脉冲激发下，当观测时间尺度与脉冲持续时间相当，测量精度变得尤为具有挑战性。 这通常是由于脉冲形状定义不明确、热响应展宽以及缺乏清晰的边界条件造成的，尤其是在显著的界面温度梯度下，自然对流占主导地位时。 经典的Parker解虽然被广泛使用，但其物理上并不现实，因为它假设了绝热热通量和浅层区域的热吸收。 在本研究中，我们证明Parker的假设在数学上等价于狄拉克脉冲边界条件。 然后，我们给出了在狄拉克脉冲和矩形脉冲激发下的热/冷却响应的全面解析解。 通过与具有良好设定边界条件的特征函数解进行比较，我们表明 Parker解仅在热峰之前有效。 通过无量纲处理，我们进一步证明Parker解可以视为加热持续时间趋近于零时矩形脉冲解的一个极限情况。 此外，我们提出了一种新颖的激发方法——蒸发冷冻冷却法，用于热扩散率的测量。 这种方法提供了一种紧凑、低成本且易于实现的传统激发方案的替代方法。 理论模型通过与实验结果的比较得到了进一步验证。 显示英文摘要

Photo-thermal methods for measuring thermal diffusivity inherently pose an ill-posed inverse problem, affected by factors such as sample thickness, heating or cooling time, and excitation energy. Measurement accuracy becomes particularly challenging under non-impulsive pulsed excitation when the observation timescale is comparable to the pulse duration. This is often due to poorly defined pulse shapes, broadened thermal responses, and the absence of clear boundary conditions, especially under significant interfacial temperature gradients where natural convection dominates. The classic Parker solution, while widely used, is physically unrealistic as it assumes adiabatic heat flux and shallow-region heat absorption. In this study, we prove that Parker's assumption is equivalent to the Dirac pulse boundary condition in mathematics. Then, we present comprehensive analytical solutions for thermal/cooling responses under Dirac and rectangular pulse excitations. By comparing with eigenfunction-based solutions for well-posed boundary conditions, we show that Parker's solution is only valid before the thermal peak. Through dimensionless processing, we further demonstrate that Parker's solution can be regarded as a limiting case of the rectangular pulse solution as the heating duration approaches zero. Furthermore, we propose a novel excitation approach, evaporative cryocooling, for thermal diffusivity measurement. This method offers a compact, low-cost, and easy-to-implement alternative to conventional excitation schemes. The theoretical model was further validated through comparison with experimental results.

[6] arXiv:2509.04313 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 超声波触发的抗癌纳米颗粒从集成软体机械触手的电纺织物中的释放 显示英文标题

标题： Ultrasound-Triggered Release of Anticancer Nanoparticles from Electrospun Fabrics Integrated with Soft Robotic Tentacles

Samuel C. T. Moorcroft, Benjamin Calmé, Charles Brooker, Pietro Valdastri, Russell Harris, Stephen J. Russell, Giuseppe Tronci

评论： 6位作者，1个方案。被Advanced NanoBiomed Research接收。

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

胰腺癌症状的及时识别是一个持续的临床挑战，常常导致晚期诊断和预后不良。 肿瘤“劫持”胰腺间质结构限制了系统化疗药物的摄取。 使用内窥镜技术的局部药物输送系统（DDS）被广泛利用，早期结果表明对肿瘤生长的控制有所改善。 需要能够整合内窥镜资源和智能材料系统的技术，以更好地控制化疗药物的时空输送。 我们展示了通过设计与电纺织物集成的无溶剂载药乙烯基苯基功能化明胶（gel4vbc）纳米颗粒（NPs）实现超声（US）触发的局部药物释放。 负载白蛋白的NPs封装在聚（乙烯醇）（PVA）涂层中的聚（ε-己内酯）织物中，表现出由调节PVA浓度（0-1 wt.%）和US强度（0-3 W/cm2）控制的可调触发NPs输送。 将负载NPs的织物固定到磁性触须机器人（MTR）上，使得在US触发释放负载NPs的白蛋白并收缩MTR之前，能够自动操纵进入仿生胰管。 白蛋白的释放通过改变负载NPs的MTR涂层织物的表面积来控制。 在此，我们设计了一种新型DDS，能够方便地集成到软体机器人中，并实现治疗载药NPs的US触发输送。 显示英文摘要

The prompt identification of pancreatic cancer symptoms is an ongoing clinical challenge, often leading to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Tumor 'hijacking' of the pancreatic stromal structure limits the uptake of systemic chemotherapeutics. Localized drug delivery systems (DDS) using endoluminal techniques are widely utilized, with positive early results for improved control over tumor growth. There is a need for technologies that integrate endoluminal resources and intelligent material systems to better control the spatiotemporal delivery of chemotherapeutics. We demonstrate the ultrasound (US)-triggered localized release of therapeutics through the design of solvent traceless drug-loaded vinylbenzyl-functionalized gelatin (gel4vbc) nanoparticles (NPs) integrated with an electrospun fabric. Albumin-loaded NPs encapsulated into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) coating of a poly(epsilon-caprolactone) fabric evidence tunable triggered NP delivery controlled by regulating PVA concentration (0-1 wt.%) and US intensity (0-3 W/cm2). The fixation of the NP-coated fabric to a magnetic tentacle robot (MTR) enables the automated manipulation into a phantom pancreatic duct before the US-triggered release of NP-loaded albumin and MTR retraction. Albumin release is controlled by varying the surface area of the NP-loaded MTR-coating fabric. Herein we have designed a novel DDS capable of facile integration into soft robotics and US-triggered delivery of therapeutic-loaded NPs.

交叉提交 (展示 5 之 5 条目 )

[7] arXiv:2509.03622 (交叉列表自 physics.comp-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 使用多级迭代方法的精确且可扩展的深度麦克斯韦求解器 显示英文标题

标题： Accurate and scalable deep Maxwell solvers using multilevel iterative methods

Chenkai Mao, Jonathan A. Fan

主题： 计算物理 (physics.comp-ph) ; 计算工程、金融与科学 (cs.CE) ; 机器学习 (cs.LG) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

神经网络在作为偏微分方程（PDE）求解器的代理模型方面具有前景，但使用这些概念解决高精度和可扩展性问题仍然是一个挑战。 在本工作中，我们表明神经网络代理模型可以与迭代算法结合，以准确求解具有不同尺度、分辨率和边界条件的PDE问题。 我们开发了一个子域神经算子模型，该模型支持任意罗宾型边界条件输入，并表明它可以作为灵活的预处理器，用于迭代求解具有有限精度的子域问题。 我们进一步表明，我们的子域模型可以促进全局粗空间的构建，从而基于迭代多级区域分解实现加速的大规模PDE问题求解。 以二维麦克斯韦方程组作为模型系统，我们训练一个网络来模拟不同尺寸、分辨率、波长和介电介质分布的大规模问题。 我们进一步展示了我们的平台在进行多波长纳米光子器件的精确逆向设计中的实用性。 我们的工作为构建用于大规模实际问题的精确且可扩展的多物理场代理求解器提供了一条有前景的路径。 显示英文摘要

Neural networks have promise as surrogate partial differential equation (PDE) solvers, but it remains a challenge to use these concepts to solve problems with high accuracy and scalability. In this work, we show that neural network surrogates can combine with iterative algorithms to accurately solve PDE problems featuring different scales, resolutions, and boundary conditions. We develop a subdomain neural operator model that supports arbitrary Robin-type boundary condition inputs, and we show that it can be utilized as a flexible preconditioner to iteratively solve subdomain problems with bounded accuracy. We further show that our subdomain models can facilitate the construction of global coarse spaces to enable accelerated, large scale PDE problem solving based on iterative multilevel domain decomposition. With two-dimensional Maxwell's equations as a model system, we train a single network to simulate large scale problems with different sizes, resolutions, wavelengths, and dielectric media distribution. We further demonstrate the utility of our platform in performing the accurate inverse design of multi-wavelength nanophotonic devices. Our work presents a promising path to building accurate and scalable multi-physics surrogate solvers for large practical problems.

[8] arXiv:2509.03676 (交叉列表自 physics.flu-dyn) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 光学捕获粒子追踪测速技术 显示英文标题

标题： Optically-Trapped Particle Tracking Velocimetry

Tetsuro Tsuji, Shoma Hashimoto, Satoshi Taguchi

评论： 11页 主文 4页 2图 补充材料

主题： 流体动力学 (physics.flu-dyn) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

本文提出了一种基于粒子追踪的微流速测量方法，该方法借助示踪粒子的光镊技术，即光镊粒子追踪测速法（ot-PTV）。 ot-PTV有两个阶段：捕获阶段，在此阶段，单个示踪粒子被光力捕获并保持在测量位置；释放阶段，在此阶段，示踪粒子被释放并由流体流动带动，不受光力干扰。 随后，释放的示踪粒子再次被光力捕获。 通过重复捕获和释放阶段的设置，我们可以积累具有相同初始位置的示踪粒子的序列图像。 这样，我们可以减少小示踪粒子布朗运动中固有的统计噪声的影响，从而实现高空间分辨率和高信噪比，这对于分析极慢的微流，如近壁面的蠕动流是必要的。 通过基准实验验证了ot-PTV的概念，即在具有方形截面的直微通道中的压力驱动流。 显示英文摘要

In this paper, we propose a microflow velocimetry based on particle tracking with the aid of the optical trapping of tracers, namely, optically-trapped particle tracking velocimetry (ot-PTV). The ot-PTV has two phases: a trap phase, in which individual tracers are trapped by an optical force and held at a measurement position; a release phase, in which the tracer is released and advected by the fluid flow, without interference from the optical force. The released tracer is subsequently trapped again by the optical force. By repeating the set of trap and release phases, we can accumulate the sequential images of the tracer that have the same initial position. In this way, we can reduce the effect of statistical noise inherent in the Brownian motion of small tracers, thereby achieving both high spatial resolution and a high signal-to-noise ratio, which are necessary for the analysis of extremely slow microflows, such as near-wall creeping flows. The concept of ot-PTV is validated using a benchmark experiment, i.e., a pressure-driven flow in a straight microchannel with a square cross-section.

[9] arXiv:2509.04064 (交叉列表自 q-bio.NC) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 谐波振荡器递归神经网络的模拟电子实现 显示英文标题

标题： An analog-electronic implementation of a harmonic oscillator recurrent neural network

Pedro Carvalho, Bernd Ulmann, Wolf Singer, Felix Effenberger

主题： 神经与认知 (q-bio.NC) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 计算物理 (physics.comp-ph)

振荡循环网络，如谐波振荡器循环网络（HORN）模型，在参数效率、学习速度和鲁棒性方面相对于传统的非振荡架构具有优势。然而，尽管已经研究了许多利用吸引子动力学的物理神经网络实现，但到目前为止，尚缺乏在模拟电子硬件中实现的振荡模型，这些模型利用了网络的瞬态动力学。本研究探讨了在保持数字对应物计算性能的同时，在模拟电子硬件中实现HORN的可行性。使用数字孪生方法，我们在计算机上训练了一个四节点的HORN用于顺序MNIST分类，并将训练好的参数转移到模拟电子实现中。一组自定义的误差度量表明，模拟系统在大多数测试案例中能够成功复制数字模型的动力学。然而，尽管整体动力学匹配良好，当在模拟系统生成的数据上使用数字模型的读出层时，我们仅观察到$28.39\%$与数字模型预测的一致性。分析表明，这种不匹配是由于模拟硬件和数字模型用于执行分类任务的浮点表示之间的精度差异。当将模拟系统用作具有重新训练线性读出的储备池时，其分类性能可以恢复到数字孪生的水平，这表明模拟动力学中保留了信息内容。这个概念验证表明，模拟电子电路可以有效地实现振荡神经网络进行计算，提供了一种利用脑启发瞬态动力学进行计算的节能模拟系统的演示。 显示英文摘要

Oscillatory recurrent networks, such as the Harmonic Oscillator Recurrent Network (HORN) model, offer advantages in parameter efficiency, learning speed, and robustness relative to traditional non-oscillating architectures. Yet, while many implementations of physical neural networks exploiting attractor dynamics have been studied, implementations of oscillatory models in analog-electronic hardware that utilize the networks' transient dynamics so far are lacking. This study explores the feasibility of implementing HORNs in analog-electronic hardware while maintaining the computational performance of the digital counterpart. Using a digital twin approach, we trained a four-node HORN in silico for sequential MNIST classification and transferred the trained parameters to an analog electronic implementation. A set of custom error metrics indicated that the analog system is able to successfully replicate the dynamics of the digital model in most test cases. However, despite the overall well-matching dynamics, when using the readout layer of the digital model on the data generated by the analog system, we only observed $28.39\%$ agreement with the predictions of the digital model. An analysis shows that this mismatch is due to a precision difference between the analog hardware and the floating-point representation exploited by the digital model to perform classification tasks. When the analog system was utilized as a reservoir with a re-trained linear readout, its classification performance could be recovered to that of the digital twin, indicating preserved information content within the analog dynamics. This proof-of-concept establishes that analog electronic circuits can effectively implement oscillatory neural networks for computation, providing a demonstration of energy-efficient analog systems that exploit brain-inspired transient dynamics for computation.

[10] arXiv:2509.04195 (交叉列表自 physics.optics) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 具有双隧道结结构的两步光子上转换太阳能电池中的增强带内吸收 显示英文标题

标题： Enhanced intraband absorption in two-step photon upconversion solar cells with a double-tunnel-junction structure

Koichiro Matsuzawa, Shigeo Asahi, Takashi Kita

主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

双步光子上转换太阳能电池（TPU-SCs）属于一类理论上可以超过单结太阳能电池的Shockley--Queisser极限的太阳能电池。 TPU-SC基本上由一个宽禁带和一个窄禁带半导体层组成，其中在导带边缘不连续处积累的电子对红外（IR）光子的带内吸收会导致输出电流和电压的增加。 这种由红外引起的上转换过程能够更好地利用广泛的太阳光谱，量子点（QDs）可以添加到实际器件中以提高带内跃迁速率。 在本研究中，我们在包含量子点层的$\mathrm{Al_{0.3}Ga_{0.7}As}$/GaAs TPU-SC中加入了一个n--p--n双隧道结结构，以进一步增强带内吸收对输出电流的贡献。 双隧道结结构应该抑制异质界面处的载流子复合，并提高带内吸收后的电子提取效率。 我们使用红外光和784纳米光进行了双色激发实验，并特别发现784纳米光在这个器件中引起了大量的带内跃迁。 通过采用速率方程，我们阐明了这一结果是由于双隧道结结构导致的更高的带内吸收效率。 这突显了双隧道结结构在实现高效TPU-SCs方面的潜力。 显示英文摘要

Two-step photon upconversion solar cells (TPU-SCs) belong to the class of solar cells that in principle can exceed the Shockley--Queisser limit for single-junction solar cells. A TPU-SC basically consists of a wide-gap and a narrow-gap semiconductor layer, where intraband absorption of infrared (IR) photons by electrons accumulated at the conduction-band-edge discontinuity leads to an increase in the output current and voltage. This IR-induced upconversion process enables a better utilization of the broad solar spectrum, and quantum dots (QDs) can be added to improve the intraband transition rates in actual devices. In this study, we added an n--p--n double-tunnel-junction structure to an $\mathrm{Al_{0.3}Ga_{0.7}As}$/GaAs TPU-SC including a QD layer to further enhance the contribution of intraband absorption to the output current. The double-tunnel-junction structure should suppress carrier recombination at the heterointerface and improve the extraction efficiency of electrons after intraband absorption. We performed two-color excitation experiments using IR and 784-nm light, and we particularly found that 784-nm light causes a significant amount of intraband transitions in this device. By employing rate equations, we clarify that this result demonstrates a higher intraband absorption efficiency due to the double-tunnel-junction structure. This highlights the potential of double-tunnel-junction structures for the realization of high-efficiency TPU-SCs.

[11] arXiv:2509.04311 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.stat-mech) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 巴赫独奏小提琴作品的高阶网络的非交换空间：通过谱三元组的维数、曲率和距离 显示英文标题

标题： The Non-commutative Spaces of Higher-Order Networks of Bach's Solo Violin Compositions: Dimension, Curvature, and Distance through the Spectral Triplet

Sara Najem, Dima Mrad

主题： 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 计算物理 (physics.comp-ph) ; 数据分析、统计与概率 (physics.data-an)

我们的工作涉及描述现实复杂系统中高阶相互作用的单纯复形。 这种描述使我们能够超越简单网络提供的成对节点到节点的表示，并捕捉不同阶次的相互作用层次。 本工作的主要贡献是为这些单纯复形引入几何度量。 我们通过注意到与它们矩阵表示相关的代数的非交换性，从而将康尼斯的谱三元组形式主义应用于这些结构，然后可以计算相关的维度、曲率和距离，作为已知拓扑度量之外的表征特征。 显示英文摘要

Our work is concerned with simplicial complexes that describe higher-order interactions in real complex systems. This description allows to go beyond the pairwise node-to-node representation that simple networks provide and to capture a hierarchy of interactions of different orders. The prime contribution of this work is the introduction of geometric measures for these simplicial complexes. We do so by noting the non-commutativity of the algebra associated with their matrix representations and consequently we bring to bear the spectral triplet formalism of Connes on these structures and then notions of associated dimensions, curvature, and distance can be computed to serve as characterizing features in addition to known topological metrics.

替换提交 (展示 6 之 6 条目 )

[12] arXiv:2501.01643 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 基于偏振的可部署非中断式镜面污染检测方法 显示英文标题

标题： A Polarimetry-based Field-deployable Non-interruptive Mirror Soiling Detection Method

Mo Tian, Md Zubair Ebne Rafique, Kolappan Chidambaranathan, Randy Brost, Daniel Small, David Novick, Julius Yellowhair, Yu Yao

评论： 50页，16图

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 光学 (physics.optics)

聚光太阳能发电（CSP）场中定日镜镜面的污染水平是显著影响光学效率的关键因素之一。 最先进的定日镜污染监测方法仍然面临各种挑战，包括速度慢、劳动密集、分辨率和精度限制或对太阳能场操作的中断。 我们提出了一种基于偏振成像的快速、成本效益高且非侵入性的镜面污染检测方法，称为基于偏振成像的镜面污染（PIMS）。 紧凑的PIMS设备设计用于与无人机（UAVs）集成，从而实现对定日镜的大面积快速评估，以高效检测污染。 我们的方法基于米氏散射理论和蒙特卡洛模拟，利用线性偏振度（DoLP）与表面污染水平之间的相关性。 PIMS方法的现场部署需要最少的设备安装，其基于无人机的操作允许在不中断工厂活动的情况下进行污染检测。 PIMS方法具有在各种聚光太阳能发电（CSP）厂中进行镜面污染检测的潜力，并可进一步适应其他类型的太阳能场，例如抛物面槽系统。 显示英文摘要

The soiling level of heliostat mirrors in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) fields is one of the key factors that significantly influences optical efficiency. State-of-the-art methods of monitoring heliostats soiling levels still face various challenges, including slow speed, labor-intensive operations, resolution and accuracy constraints or interruptions to solar field operations. We present a rapid, cost-effective, and non-intrusive method for mirror soiling detection based on polarimetric imaging, referred to as Polarimetric Imaging-based Mirror Soiling (PIMS). The compact PIMS device is designed for integration with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), enabling rapid, large-area assessments of heliostat mirrors for efficient soiling detection. Our method utilizes the correlation between the Degree of Linear Polarization (DoLP) and surface soiling level based on Mie scattering theory and Monte Carlo simulations. Field deployment of the PIMS method requires minimal device installation, and its UAV-based operation allows for soiling detection without interrupting plant activities. The PIMS method holds the potential for mirror soiling detection across various concentrated solar power (CSP) plants and can be further adapted for other types of solar fields, such as parabolic trough systems.

[13] arXiv:2506.02333 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 基于偏振成像无人机的定日镜光学误差检测 显示英文标题

标题： Heliostat Optical Error Inspection with Polarimetric Imaging Drone

Mo Tian, Kolappan Chidambaranathan, Md Zubair Ebne Rafique, Neel Desai, Jing Bai, Randy Brost, Daniel Small, David Novick, Julius Yellowhair, Yu Yao

评论： 29页，10图

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 光学 (physics.optics)

在集中式太阳能发电（CSP）场中，光学误差对定日镜的收集效率有显著影响。 快速、成本效益高、劳动力效率高且非侵入性的自主现场检查仍然是一个挑战。 使用成像无人机，即集成高分辨率可见光成像传感器的无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）系统的方法已被开发出来以解决这些挑战；然而，这些方法通常受到成像对比度不足的限制。 在此，我们报告了一种基于偏振的的方法，该方法在无人机上集成了偏振成像系统，以增强成像对比度，从而在不中断现场操作的情况下进行定日镜镜面的原位检测。 我们开发了一个天空光偏振模式的光学模型，以模拟定日镜镜面的偏振图像，并获得了用于偏振成像无人机飞行路径的优化航点，以捕捉对比度增强的图像。 基于偏振成像的方法提高了在传统成像传感器难以检测镜面边缘的场景中的边缘检测成功率。 我们进行了现场测试，实现了显著提高的定日镜边缘检测成功率，并研究了将偏振成像方法与现有的基于成像的定日镜检测方法集成的可行性，即偏振成像定日镜检测方法（PIHIM）。 我们的初步现场测试结果表明，PIHIM有望实现足够的成像对比度，以实现实时自主成像和检测定日镜场，因此适用于在运行期间进行非中断的快速CSP场检查。 显示英文摘要

On a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) field, optical errors have significant impacts on the collection efficiency of heliostats. Fast, cost-effective, labor-efficient, and non-intrusive autonomous field inspection remains a challenge. Approaches using imaging drone, i.e., Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system integrated with high resolution visible imaging sensors, have been developed to address these challenges; however, these approaches are often limited by insufficient imaging contrast. Here we report a polarimetry-based method with a polarization imaging system integrated on UAV to enhance imaging contrast for in-situ detection of heliostat mirrors without interrupting field operation. We developed an optical model for skylight polarization pattern to simulate the polarization images of heliostat mirrors and obtained optimized waypoints for polarimetric imaging drone flight path to capture images with enhanced contrast. The polarimetric imaging-based method improved the success rate of edge detections in scenarios which were challenging for mirror edge detection with conventional imaging sensors. We have performed field tests to achieve significantly enhanced heliostat edge detection success rate and investigate the feasibility of integrating polarimetric imaging method with existing imaging-based heliostat inspection methods, i.e., Polarimetric Imaging Heliostat Inspection Method (PIHIM). Our preliminary field test results suggest that the PIHIM hold the promise to enable sufficient imaging contrast for real-time autonomous imaging and detection of heliostat field, thus suitable for non-interruptive fast CSP field inspection during its operation.

[14] arXiv:2507.15014 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 一种对刚性五模式的重新发现。 对“高体积模量五模式：三维金属水”的评论 显示英文标题

标题： A rediscovery of stiff pentmodes. A comment on "High bulk modulus pentamodes: the three-dimensional metal water"

Graeme W. Milton

评论： 10页，4张图；对arXiv:2406.14502的评论

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)

我们注意到Brambilla等人在[极端力学字母 74 (2025) 102267; arXiv:2406.14502]中声称发现了一种五模材料的新设计是不正确的。早在2016年，Briane、Harutyunyan和我[复杂系统数学与力学 5 (2016) 41--94; arXiv:1606.03305]设计了一类刚性五模材料，其中包括Brambilla等人所述的高体积模量五模材料。我们的设计推广到了三维，并且实现了完全各向异性，这是Sigmund在[力学与物理固体杂志 48 (2000) 397--428]中二维结构的主要方面。强调的是，Brambilla等人的深入分析远远超出了我们的简要处理。 显示英文摘要

We bring attention to the fact that the claim of Brambilla et.al. [Extreme Mechanics Letters 74 (2025) 102267; arXiv:2406.14502] of discovering a novel design for pentamode materials is incorrect. Back in 2016 Briane, Harutyunyan and myself [Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems 5 (2016) 41--94; arXiv:1606.03305] designed a class of stiff pentamodes, that include the high bulk modulus pentamodes of Brambilla et.al. Our design generalized to three-dimensions, and to full anisotropy, the main aspects of a two-dimensional construction of Sigmund [Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 48 (2000) 397--428]. It is emphasized that the in depth analysis of Brambilla et.al. goes well beyond our brief treatment.

[15] arXiv:2509.03209 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： TMD合金单层中激子跃迁对温度的敏感性 显示英文标题

标题： Sensitivity of excitonic transitions to temperature in monolayers of TMD alloys

Karolina Ciesiołkiewicz-Klepek, Jan Kopaczek, Jarosław Serafińczuk, Robert Kudrawiec

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

二维过渡金属二硫属化物（TMDs）提供了可调节的光学和电子特性，使其在下一代光电器件中具有高度前景。 一种有效工程这些特性的方法是通过合金化，这使得能够连续控制带隙能量和激子跃迁。 在本研究中，我们在单层Mo1-xWxS2和Mo(S1-xSex)2合金上进行温度相关的透射光谱测量，这些合金被转移到光纤核心上，并在20-320 K的温度范围内进行测量。使用全光纤配置使我们能够以高稳定性和精度探测带间跃迁A、B和C。 我们观察到随着Se含量的增加，激子跃迁出现系统性红移，而当Mo被W取代时则出现蓝移。这些光谱位移与合金组成相关，并能够在室温下将带隙能量调节在1.6 eV至2.0 eV之间。 此外，我们分析了激子跃迁的温度敏感性，结果表明Se的引入以非单调的方式增强了热响应，而W的取代则导致更单调且更强的温度依赖性。 与自旋轨道耦合相关的A和B跃迁之间的分裂也随组成变化。 我们的研究结果强调了在二维TMD合金中成分工程的潜力，以实现光学特性的光谱和热控制，这对于设计稳健和可调的光电器件具有重要意义。 显示英文摘要

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer tunable optical and electronic properties, making them highly promising for next-generation optoelectronic devices. One effective approach to engineering these properties is through alloying, which enables continuous control over the bandgap energy and excitonic transitions. In this study, we perform temperature-dependent transmission spectroscopy on monolayers of Mo1-xWxS2 and Mo(S1-xSex)2 alloys, transferred onto the core of an optical fiber and measured within a cryostat over a temperature range of 20-320 K. The use of an all-fiber configuration allowed us to probe interband transitions A, B, and C with high stability and precision. We observe a systematic redshift of excitonic transitions with increasing Se content, and a blueshift when Mo is replaced with W. These spectral shifts correlate with alloy composition and enable the tuning of bandgap energies between 1.6 eV and 2.0 eV at room temperature. Furthermore, we analyze the temperature sensitivity of the excitonic transitions, revealing that Se incorporation enhances thermal response in a non-monotonic manner, while W substitution results in a more monotonic and stronger temperature dependence. The splitting between A and B transitions, associated with spin-orbit coupling, also varies with composition. Our findings underscore the potential of compositional engineering in 2D TMD alloys to achieve both spectral and thermal control of optical properties, relevant for the design of robust and tunable optoelectronic systems.

[16] arXiv:2404.02463 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 自旋神经记忆：基于自旋电子器件的低功耗类脑关联存储设计 显示英文标题

标题： Spin-NeuroMem: A Low-Power Neuromorphic Associative Memory Design Based on Spintronic Devices

Siqing Fu, Lizhou Wu, Tiejun Li, Chunyuan Zhang, Jianmin Zhang, Sheng Ma

评论： 这篇论文被《计算电子学杂志》接受。

主题： 硬件架构 (cs.AR) ; 新兴技术 (cs.ET) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

生物启发计算模型近年来取得了显著进展，但传统的冯·诺依曼架构对于这些模型所需的大型矩阵运算和大规模并行性效率较低。 本文提出了Spin-NeuroMem，这是一种用于联想记忆功能的Hopfield网络的低功耗电路设计。 Spin-NeuroMem配备了节能的自旋电子突触，利用磁阻隧道结（MTJs）存储多个联想记忆的权重矩阵。 所提出的突触设计相比最先进的突触设计，功耗低至17.4%。 Spin-NeuroMem还包含一种新型电压转换器，通过减少53.3%的晶体管使用量，实现了有效的Hopfield网络计算。 此外，我们首次提出了一种联想记忆模拟器，其在保持相似联想记忆效果的情况下，实现了5Mx的速度提升。 通过利用自旋电子器件的潜力，这项工作为开发节能且可扩展的神经形态计算系统铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

Biologically-inspired computing models have made significant progress in recent years, but the conventional von Neumann architecture is inefficient for the large-scale matrix operations and massive parallelism required by these models. This paper presents Spin-NeuroMem, a low-power circuit design of Hopfield network for the function of associative memory. Spin-NeuroMem is equipped with energy-efficient spintronic synapses which utilize magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) to store weight matrices of multiple associative memories. The proposed synapse design achieves as low as 17.4% power consumption compared to the state-of-the-art synapse designs. Spin-NeuroMem also encompasses a novel voltage converter with a 53.3% reduction in transistor usage for effective Hopfield network computation. In addition, we propose an associative memory simulator for the first time, which achieves a 5Mx speedup with a comparable associative memory effect. By harnessing the potential of spintronic devices, this work paves the way for the development of energy-efficient and scalable neuromorphic computing systems.

[17] arXiv:2506.00370 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 太赫兹脉冲通过铁电纳米膜传输的理论 显示英文标题

标题： Theory of terahertz pulse transmission through ferroelectric nanomembranes

Yujie Zhu, Aiden Ross, Xiangwei Guo, Venkatraman Gopalan, Long-Qing Chen, Jia-Mian Hu

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

一个解析模型被开发出来，用于预测铁电纳米膜在由任意波形的太赫兹（THz）电磁脉冲激发时，晶格极化的随时间演变情况，并同时预测THz脉冲在线性和非线性 regimes 中的传输情况。 它涉及使用摄动方法，在Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire理论框架内，求解未夹持和应变铁电纳米膜中晶格极化运动方程。 该模型适用于钙钛矿氧化物如BaTiO3和SrTiO3、纤锌矿结构Al1-xScxN以及三方LiNbO3。 我们的解析模型为通过THz传输实验确定铁电材料的热力学和动力学参数提供了理论基础。 计算结果还表明了一种通过利用铁电材料中的共振极化-光子耦合来反转圆偏振THz脉冲旋向的方法。 这种旋向反转能力，加上沿任意取向的面内轴施加应变所带来的高可调性，为THz波调控提供了新的机会，而无需依赖复杂的超表面设计。 显示英文摘要

An analytical model is developed to predict the temporal evolution of the lattice polarization in ferroelectric nanomembranes upon the excitation by a terahertz (THz) electromagnetic pulse of an arbitrary waveform, and the concurrent transmission of the THz pulse in both the linear and the nonlinear regimes. It involves the use of the perturbation method to solve the equation of motion for the lattice polarization in both unclamped and strained ferroelectric nanomembranes within the framework of Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory. The model is applicable to perovskite oxides such as BaTiO3 and SrTiO3, wurtzite Al1-xScxN, and trigonal LiNbO3. Our analytical model provides a theoretical basis for determining the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of ferroelectric materials through THz transmission experiment. The calculation results also suggest an approach to reversing the chirality of a circularly polarized THz pulse by harnessing the resonant polarization-photon coupling in ferroelectrics. This capability of chirality reversal, along with the high tunability from a strain applied along any arbitrarily oriented in-plane axis, provides new opportunities for THz wave modulation without relying on complex metasurface designs.