标题： 基于zk-SNARK的权限区块链隐私保护智能合约：配方 第1部分 显示英文标题

标题： Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts for Permissioned Blockchains: A zk-SNARK-Based Recipe Part-1

摘要： 比特币白皮书介绍了区块链技术，实现了无需中介的信任交易。 以太坊出现后出现了智能合约，区块链应用扩展到拍卖、众筹和电子投票等领域。 然而，区块链的透明性引发了隐私问题，初期的匿名措施证明无效。 智能合约隐私解决方案采用了零知识证明、同态加密和可信执行环境。 这些方法存在实际缺点，如功能有限、计算时间长和需要信任第三方，无法完全去中心化。 本工作提出了一种利用zk-SNARKs在智能合约和区块链中提供隐私的解决方案。 该解决方案支持可互换和不可互换代币。 此外，该方案包括一种新的交易类型，称为委托交易，可实现交付与付款（DvP）等用例。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Bitcoin white paper introduced blockchain technology, enabling trustful transactions without intermediaries. Smart contracts emerged with Ethereum and blockchains expanded beyond cryptocurrency, applying to auctions, crowdfunding and electronic voting. However, blockchain's transparency raised privacy concerns and initial anonymity measures proved ineffective. Smart contract privacy solutions employed zero-knowledge proofs, homomorphic encryption and trusted execution environments. These approaches have practical drawbacks, such as limited functionality, high computation times and trust on third parties requirements, being not fully decentralized. This work proposes a solution utilizing zk-SNARKs to provide privacy in smart contracts and blockchains. The solution supports both fungible and nonfungible tokens. Additionally, the proposal includes a new type of transactions, called delegated transactions, which enable use cases like Delivery vs Payment (DvP).