标题： 电类型斯特恩-格拉赫效应 显示英文标题

标题： Electric-Type Stern-Gerlach Effect

摘要： 斯特恩-格拉赫（SG）实验是揭示“自旋”存在的基础实验。 在这样的实验中，银原子束被送入非均匀磁场以观察其偏转。 因此，传统的SG实验实际上可以看作是一种磁型自旋效应。 在本工作中，我们通过用势垒求解狄拉克方程，成功地将SG效应从磁型推广到电型，从而揭示了一种非凡的自旋效应。 狄拉克粒子的束可以被视为物质波。 基于狄拉克方程，我们得到了入射波、反射波和透射波的显式形式。 电型SG效应表明，反射波和透射波可能具有显著的空间位移，这取决于自旋方向和入射波的入射角。 电型SG效应在分离不同自旋方向的狄拉克粒子以及估计狄拉克粒子的自旋方向方面具有潜在的应用。 还进行了与自旋和电场之间相互作用相关的讨论。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Stern-Gerlach (SG) experiment is a fundamental experiment for revealing the existence of ``spin''. In such an experiment, beams of silver atoms were sent through inhomogeneous magnetic fields to observe their deflection. Thus, the conventional SG experiment can be actually viewed as a magnetic-type spin effect. In this work, we successfully generalize the SG effect from magnetic-type to electric-type by solving Dirac's equation with a potential barrier, thus revealing an extraordinary spin effect. Beams of Dirac's particles can be regarded as matter waves. Based on Dirac's equation, we obtain the explicit forms of the incident, reflected, and transmitted waves. The electric-type SG effect shows that the reflected and transmitted waves can have notable spatial shifts, which depend on the spin direction and the incident angle of incident wave. The electric-type SG effect has potential applications to separating Dirac's particles with different spin directions and to estimating the spin direction of Dirac's particles. Some discussions related to the interaction between spin and electric field are also made.