标题： 静态三维结构在间期染色体中决定远端位点对之间的快速动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Static Three-Dimensional Structures Determine Fast Dynamics Between Distal Loci Pairs in Interphase Chromosomes

摘要： 活细胞成像实验显示，增强子和启动子之间的远端动态出人意料地迅速，与标准聚合物模型不兼容。 静态染色质组织与动态之间的不一致是一个令人困惑的问题，违反了预期的结构-功能关系。 我们开发了一种理论，通过从静态Hi-C接触图或固定细胞成像数据中准确确定三维（3D）结构来预测染色质动态。 使用计算得到的三维坐标，该理论准确预测了实验观察到的两点染色质动态。 它预测了快速的增强子-启动子相互作用，并揭示了两点弛豫时间和基因组分离之间的标度关系，与最近的测量结果非常吻合。 该理论预测，粘连蛋白耗尽会加速单一位点的扩散，同时显著减缓拓扑关联结构域（TADs）内的弛豫动态。 我们的结果表明，可以从静态结构数据中可靠地推断染色质动态，加强了三维染色质结构支配动态行为的观点。 这一通用框架为在不同生物学背景下探索染色质动态提供了强有力的工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Live-cell imaging experiments have shown that the distal dynamics between enhancers and promoters are unexpectedly rapid and incompatible with standard polymer models. The discordance between the compact static chromatin organization and dynamics is a conundrum that violates the expected structure-function relationship. We developed a theory to predict chromatin dynamics by accurately determining three-dimensional (3D) structures from static Hi-C contact maps or fixed-cell imaging data. Using the calculated 3D coordinates, the theory accurately forecasts experimentally observed two-point chromatin dynamics. It predicts rapid enhancer-promoter interactions and uncovers a scaling relationship between two-point relaxation time and genomic separation, closely matching recent measurements. The theory predicts that cohesin depletion accelerates single-locus diffusion while significantly slowing relaxation dynamics within topologically associating domains (TADs). Our results demonstrate that chromatin dynamics can be reliably inferred from static structural data, reinforcing the notion that 3D chromatin structure governs dynamic behavior. This general framework offers powerful tools for exploring chromatin dynamics across diverse biological contexts.