标题： 复杂地形中两个瑞士城市垂直轴风力涡轮机发电潜力的气象评估 显示英文标题

标题： Meteorological assessment of vertical axis wind turbine energy generation potentials across two Swiss cities in complex terrain

摘要： 风能是最成熟的可再生能源技术，然而在城市中开发常常受到怀疑。由于它们能够在任何方向的低风速下有效运行，垂直轴风力涡轮机（VAWTs）为城市中的风能采集提供了有吸引力的机会，但关于它们在复杂城市环境中的潜力，以及不同地理环境、当地气象条件和城市特征的作用仍缺乏证据。在这里，我们使用现实的天气研究与预报模型高分辨率风速模拟，结合具有代表性的VAWT发电曲线，以量化在两个位于复杂地形中的瑞士城市（洛桑和日内瓦）中，年度、季节性和昼夜尺度上的微发电潜力范围。我们的结果表明，洛桑通常比日内瓦风速高24%。这两座城市在夏季月份都表现出最大的微发电潜力，尽管洛桑在冬季也显示出不可忽视的潜力。由于当地湖陆风循环与大尺度气流之间的不同相互作用，洛桑的风速在夜间较高，而日内瓦的风速在白天较高。案例研究的VAWT模拟性能主要由切入风速和发电曲线拐点决定。平均而言，在2022年，一个单独的VAWT每年可产生2665千瓦时的总电量，相当于16.5平方米的光伏板。这些结果突显了需要开展城市风能研究，进行详细的城市尺度评估，考虑城市异质性和区域环流模式，以指导未来的规划投资和工程发展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Wind energy is the most mature renewable energy technology, however, its exploitation in cities is often met with skepticism. Thanks to their ability to operate effectively at low wind from any direction, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) offer an attractive opportunity for wind energy harvesting in cities, but limited evidence exists on their potential in complex urban environments, and the role of different geographical settings, local meteorological conditions, and urban characteristics remains unclear. Here we use realistic Weather Research and Forecast model high-resolution wind speed simulations alongside representative VAWT power curves to quantify the range of micro-generation potentials at the annual, seasonal, and diurnal scale across two Swiss cities (Lausanne and Geneva) residing in complex terrain. Our results show that Lausanne generally experiences higher (+24%) wind speed than Geneva. Both cities present the greatest micro-generation potential during the summer months, although Lausanne shows non-negligible potential also during the wintertime. Wind speed is higher during the nighttime in Lausanne and during the daytime in Geneva, due to the different interaction between the local lake-breeze circulation and the synoptic flow. Simulated performance of case-study VAWTs is dominated by cut-in wind speed and power curve inflection point. On average, in 2022, an individual VAWT would have produced 2665 kWh of total annual electricity, equivalent to 16.5 square meters of photovoltaic panels. These results highlight the need for research on urban wind energy featuring detailed city-scale assessments that account for urban heterogeneities and regional circulation patters, to inform future planning investment and engineering development.