标题： 通过空间工程矢量光束在超冷原子中定制合成规范场 显示英文标题

标题： Tailoring Synthetic Gauge Fields in Ultracold Atoms via Spatially Engineered Vector Beams

摘要： 超冷原子通常通过具有均匀偏振的标量光束来操控，推动了量子模拟、计算和计量学的发展。然而，在这一背景下，矢量光束（VBs）——具有空间变化偏振的结构化光——尽管具备增强的可调性和广泛的光学应用，仍未被探索。在这里，我们展示了一种通过VB介导的内部状态耦合在超冷原子中生成合成规范场的新方案。这种方法能够在扩展的参数范围内实现角条纹相位，使相图中的相位增强三个数量级，并促进实验观测。我们进一步提出了一种全光方法，在自旋空间中创建具有可调拓扑的拓扑非平凡的巨大斯格明子。我们的研究结果确立了VBs作为量子控制和探索奇异量子态和相位的强大工具的地位。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Ultracold atoms, typically manipulated by scalar beams with uniform polarization, have propelled advances in quantum simulation, computation, and metrology. Yet, vector beams (VBs) -- structured light with spatially varying polarization -- remain unexplored in this context, despite their enhanced tunability and broad optical applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel scheme to generate synthetic gauge fields in ultracold atoms via VB-mediated coupling of internal states. This approach enables angular stripe phases across an expanded parameter range, achieving a three-order-of-magnitude enhancement in the phase diagram and facilitating experimental observation. We further present an all-optical method to create topologically nontrivial giant skyrmions in spin space, with tunable topology governed by VB parameters. Our findings establish VBs as powerful tools for quantum control and the exploration of exotic quantum states and phases.