标题： 100粒子量子热机：探索临界性对效率的影响 显示英文标题

标题： 100 Particles Quantum Heat Engine: Exploring the Impact of Criticality on Efficiency

摘要： 量子多体系统在分析和数值方面都面临重大的技术挑战。 尽管存在这些困难，已经取得了一些进展，包括对相互作用的原子气体和相互作用的量子自旋的研究。 此外，已经证明临界性可以增强发动机性能，这表明了一个有前景的未来研究方向。 在这里，我们探讨使用长程伊辛链作为工作物质的量子奥托循环的性能。 我们考虑一个理想化的循环，包括两个绝热变换和两个完美的热化过程，消除了耗散。 分析发动机和冰箱模式，我们研究粒子数从$10$到$100$的变化对效率以及相变临界点附近行为的影响，我们使用一个标度因子来表征这一点。 我们还检查内部因素，特别是幂律指数、粒子数以及热和冷库温度，如何影响不同模式下系统的工作。 我们的结果表明，这些因素的影响与它们的经典对应物不同。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum many-body systems present substantial technical challenges from both analytical and numerical perspectives. Despite these difficulties, some progress has been made, including studies of interacting atomic gases and interacting quantum spins. Furthermore, the potential for criticality to enhance engine performance has been demonstrated, suggesting a promising direction for future investigation. Here, we explore the performance of a quantum Otto cycle using a long-range Ising chain as the working substance. We consider an idealized cycle consisting of two adiabatic transformations and two perfect thermalizations, eliminating dissipation. Analyzing both engine and refrigerator modes, we investigate the influence of particle number, varied from $10$ to $100$, on efficiencies and behavior near the critical point of the phase transition, which we characterize using a scaling factor. We also examine how internal factors, specifically, the power-law exponent, the number of particles, and the hot and cold reservoir temperatures, affect the system's operation in different modes. Our results reveal that these factors have a different impact compared to their classical counterparts.