标题： 量子特洛伊插入：受控激活用于隐蔽电路操作 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Trojan Insertion: Controlled Activation for Covert Circuit Manipulation

摘要： 量子计算相比经典计算展示了更高的效率。 量子电路对于实现功能和获得正确的计算结果至关重要。 量子电路编译器将高级量子操作翻译成特定于硬件的门，同时优化性能，作为量子软件堆栈与物理量子机器之间的接口。 然而，不可信的编译器可能在量子电路中引入恶意硬件木马，改变其功能并导致错误的结果。 在经典计算领域，有效的硬件木马是对集成电路的关键威胁。 这个过程通常涉及悄悄地插入条件逻辑门，在特定输入条件下激活。 在本文中，我们提出了一种新型先进的量子木马，它是可控制的，可以在不同情况下被激活或去激活。 这些木马在被预定义输入条件触发之前处于休眠状态，使得检测变得困难。 通过一系列基准实验，我们通过评估在量子电路中嵌入受控木马的有效性以及测量它们对电路性能和安全性的影响，证明了该方法的可行性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum computing has demonstrated superior efficiency compared to classical computing. Quantum circuits are essential for implementing functions and achieving correct computational outcomes. Quantum circuit compilers, which translate high-level quantum operations into hardware-specific gates while optimizing performance, serve as the interface between the quantum software stack and physical quantum machines. However, untrusted compilers can introduce malicious hardware Trojans into quantum circuits, altering their functionality and leading to incorrect results. In the world of classical computing, effective hardware Trojans are a critical threat to integrated circuits. This process often involves stealthily inserting conditional logic gates that activate under specific input conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel advanced quantum Trojan that is controllable, allowing it to be activated or deactivated under different circumstances. These Trojans remain dormant until triggered by predefined input conditions, making detection challenging. Through a series of benchmark experiments, we demonstrate the feasibility of this method by evaluating the effectiveness of embedding controlled trojans in quantum circuits and measuring their impact on circuit performance and security.