标题： 非平衡分布函数在超快过程中的应用 显示英文标题

标题： Non-equilibrium distribution function in ultra-fast processes

摘要： 为超快瞬态过程中的非平衡分布函数提出一个简单的表达式。假设其依赖于平衡运动积分的时间导数，推导出热力学关系的非平衡模拟，并确定最大化非平衡熵的条件。提出了“慢”和“快”过程之间的严格阈值，确定经典准平衡描述的适用范围。通过推导已知的惯性热传导定律来验证所提出的理论，该定律考虑了热传播的有限速度。最后，推导出一种新的非平衡功表达式，揭示了在快速非平衡中出现的两种压力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A simple expression for the non-equilibrium distribution function in ultra-fast transient processes is proposed. Postulating its dependence on temporal derivatives of the equilibrium integrals of motion, non-equilibrium analogues of the thermodynamic relationships are derived and the conditions that maximize the non-equilibrium entropy are identified. A rigorous threshold between ``slow" and ``fast" processes is suggested, identifying the range of applicability of classical quasi-equilibrium description. The proposed theory is validated by deriving the known law of inertial heat conduction, which accounts for finite speed of thermal propagation. Finally, a new expression for the non-equilibrium work is derived, revealing two kinds of pressure that emerge in fast non-equilibrium.