标题： 量子测量问题：近期趋势综述 显示英文标题

标题： The Quantum Measurement Problem: A Review of Recent Trends

摘要： 在没有干扰的情况下，量子态在薛定谔方程下确定性地演化，形成叠加态。然而，在测量时，由波恩规则支配的随机过程会将其坍缩为单一结果。这种量子态的双重演化——测量问题的核心——近一个世纪以来一直困扰着物理学家和哲学家。然而，在各种竞争性解释的喧嚣中，如今的问题不像过去那样难以理解。本文回顾了测量问题的现状，区分了已得到充分理解的部分和仍悬而未决的部分。我们考察了关键的理论方法，包括退相干、多世界解释、客观坍缩理论、隐变量理论、二元论方法、确定性模型和认识论解释。为了使这些讨论更易于广泛受众理解，我们还参考了精选的在线资源，这些资源提供了对核心概念的高质量介绍。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Left on its own, a quantum state evolves deterministically under the Schr\"odinger Equation, forming superpositions. Upon measurement, however, a stochastic process governed by the Born rule collapses it to a single outcome. This dual evolution of quantum states -- the core of the Measurement Problem -- has puzzled physicists and philosophers for nearly a century. Yet, amid the cacophony of competing interpretations, the problem today is not as impenetrable as it once seemed. This paper reviews the current status of the Measurement Problem, distinguishing between what is well understood and what remains unresolved. We examine key theoretical approaches, including decoherence, many-worlds interpretation, objective collapse theories, hidden-variable theories, dualistic approaches, deterministic models, and epistemic interpretations. To make these discussions accessible to a broader audience, we also reference curated online resources that provide high-quality introductions to central concepts.