标题： AI自动机：旨在模仿人类的AI系统 显示英文标题

标题： AI Automatons: AI Systems Intended to Imitate Humans

摘要： 随着旨在模仿人类行为、工作、能力、外貌或人性的AI系统日益增多，我们将其称为AI自动机。 个人、群体或一般人类正在被模拟，以在他们的风格中创作作品，代替他们回答调查，探测他们在部署新系统前会如何使用该系统，为用户提供帮助和陪伴，并预测他们未来可能的行为及与其他人的互动，仅举几个应用例子。 然而，此类AI系统的研究、设计、部署和可用性也引发了对一系列可能的法律、伦理和其他社会影响的广泛关注。 为了促进关于是否、何时以及如何设计和部署此类系统的建设性讨论，并描绘现有和潜在AI自动机的现状，我们需要理清决定性设计轴线和考虑因素，这些因素有助于我们理解沿着这些轴线的各种设计选择可能会缓解——或者相反，加剧——AI自动机的发展和使用可能引发的潜在负面影响。 在本文中，通过综合相关文献和现有旨在模仿人类的AI系统的大量实例，我们开发了一个概念框架，以突出设计变化的关键轴线，并提供分析支撑，以促进开发者对可用设计选择以及这些选择可能带来的伦理影响的更大认识。 显示英文摘要

摘要： There is a growing proliferation of AI systems designed to mimic people's behavior, work, abilities, likenesses, or humanness -- systems we dub AI automatons. Individuals, groups, or generic humans are being simulated to produce creative work in their styles, to respond to surveys in their places, to probe how they would use a new system before deployment, to provide users with assistance and companionship, and to anticipate their possible future behavior and interactions with others, just to name a few applications. The research, design, deployment, and availability of such AI systems have, however, also prompted growing concerns about a wide range of possible legal, ethical, and other social impacts. To both 1) facilitate productive discussions about whether, when, and how to design and deploy such systems, and 2) chart the current landscape of existing and prospective AI automatons, we need to tease apart determinant design axes and considerations that can aid our understanding of whether and how various design choices along these axes could mitigate -- or instead exacerbate -- potential adverse impacts that the development and use of AI automatons could give rise to. In this paper, through a synthesis of related literature and extensive examples of existing AI systems intended to mimic humans, we develop a conceptual framework to help foreground key axes of design variations and provide analytical scaffolding to foster greater recognition of the design choices available to developers, as well as the possible ethical implications these choices might have.