标题： 非平衡设置中通过能量局域化的无限温度 thermostat 显示英文标题

标题： Infinite-temperature thermostats by energy localization in a nonequilibrium setup

摘要： 具有两种守恒律的一些格子模型可能表现出从均匀相（正温度 - PT）到凝聚相（负温度）的平衡相变，在凝聚相中，能量的有限分数局域化在少数几个位点上。我们研究了在这种非平衡设置下的一种此类随机模型，其中格子链的两端连接到两个PT浴。我们证明了局域化的峰值可能会自发出现，充当无限温度的热浴。峰值数量$N_b$随时间$t$的增长预计为$N_b \sim \sqrt{\ln t}$，这是由于动力学的有效冻结的结果。渐近地，链会自发分为三个区间：两个位于PT区域内部的外部区间；中间一个由叠加在沿无限温度线背景上的峰值所表征。在热力学极限下，Onsager形式主义允许确定整个轮廓的形状。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Some lattice models having two conservation laws may display an equilibrium phase transition from a homogeneous (positive temperature - PT) to a condensed (negative temperature) phase, where a finite fraction of the energy is localized in a few sites. We study one such stochastic model in an out-of-equilibrium setup, where the ends of the lattice chain are attached to two PT baths. We show that localized peaks may spontaneously emerge, acting as infinite-temperature heat baths. The number $N_b$ of peaks is expected to grow in time $t$ as $N_b \sim \sqrt{\ln t}$, as a consequence of an effective freezing of the dynamics. Asymptotically, the chain spontaneously subdivides into three intervals: the two external ones lying inside the PT region; the middle one characterized by peaks superposed to a background lying along the infinite-temperature line. In the thermodynamic limit, the Onsager formalism allows determining the shape of the whole profile.