标题： 超导量子比特阵列中双能级系统缺陷的可扩展且位点特异性频率调谐 显示英文标题

标题： Scalable and Site-Specific Frequency Tuning of Two-Level System Defects in Superconducting Qubit Arrays

摘要： 目前最先进的超导量子处理器包含数十到数百个量子比特，已展示了实现容错量子计算的构建模块。 然而，进一步扩展的一个根本障碍是波动的量子两能级系统（TLS）缺陷的普遍存在，这些缺陷可以与量子比特共振耦合，导致额外的退相干和增强的门错误。 在此，我们引入了一种可扩展的架构，用于对TLS频率进行特定位置和原位操控，使其远离我们量子比特的光谱区域。 我们的方法资源效率高，将TLS频率调节和通用单量子比特控制结合到每个量子比特的一个片上控制线中。 我们独立控制每个量子比特的耗散环境，以动态提高量子比特的相干时间和单量子比特门保真度——具有不随设备规模扩大的恒定时间开销。 在6个量子比特上40小时的实验中，我们展示了平均单量子比特错误率的$36\%$改进和平均能量退相干时间的$17\%$改进。 关键的是，我们实现了TLS引起的性能异常值出现次数的四倍抑制，并完全消除了同时发生的异常事件。 这些结果标志着克服TLS缺陷对扩展超导量子处理器所带来挑战的重要进展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： State-of-the-art superconducting quantum processors containing tens to hundreds of qubits have demonstrated the building blocks for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Nonetheless, a fundamental barrier to scaling further is the prevalence of fluctuating quantum two-level system (TLS) defects that can couple resonantly to qubits, causing excess decoherence and enhanced gate errors. Here we introduce a scalable architecture for site-specific and in-situ manipulation of TLS frequencies out of the spectral vicinity of our qubits. Our method is resource efficient, combining TLS frequency tuning and universal single qubit control into a single on-chip control line per qubit. We independently control each qubit's dissipative environment to dynamically improve both qubit coherence times and single qubit gate fidelities -- with a constant time overhead that does not scale with the device size. Over a period of 40 hours across 6 qubits, we demonstrate a $36\%$ improvement in average single qubit error rates and a $17\%$ improvement in average energy relaxation times. Critically, we realize a 4-fold suppression in the occurrence of TLS-induced performance outliers, and a complete reduction of simultaneous outlier events. These results mark a significant step toward overcoming the challenges that TLS defects pose to scaling superconducting quantum processors.