标题： 真核趋化中准确化学梯度感知的最佳细胞形状 显示英文标题

标题： Optimal Cell Shape for Accurate Chemical Gradient Sensing in Eukaryote Chemotaxis

摘要： 精确的梯度感知对于在噪声环境中有效的趋化作用至关重要，但细胞形状变形与感知准确性之间的关系尚不明确。 基于最大似然估计的理论框架，我们表明受体分布（通过细胞形状凸包量化）从根本上限制了梯度感知的准确性。 具有凹形形状和各向同性误差空间的细胞在梯度检测中表现出最佳性能。 这种凹形形状来源于主动的突出或收缩，可以在增加能量消耗的代价下显著提高梯度感知的准确性。 通过平衡感知准确性和变形成本，我们预测凹形三分支形状对于浅梯度中的细胞来说是最优的。 为了实现高效的趋化作用，我们的理论建议细胞应采用重复的“奔跑-扩展”周期。 我们的理论预测与实验观察结果高度一致，表明快速变形的细胞运动在趋化作用的物理极限附近得到了优化。 这项研究突显了主动细胞形状变形在促进精确趋化作用中的关键作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Accurate gradient sensing is crucial for efficient chemotaxis in noisy environments, but the relationship between cell shape deformations and sensing accuracy is not well understood. Using a theoretical framework based on maximum likelihood estimation, we show that the receptor dispersion, quantified by cell shape convex hull, fundamentally limits gradient sensing accuracy. Cells with a concave shape and isotropic error space achieve optimal performance in gradient detection. This concave shape, resulting from active protrusions or contractions, can significantly improve gradient sensing accuracy at the cost of increased energy expenditure. By balancing sensing accuracy and deformation cost, we predict that a concave, three-branched shape as optimal for cells in shallow gradients. To achieve efficient chemotaxis, our theory suggests that a cell should adopt a repeating "run-and-expansion" cycle. Our theoretical predictions align well with experimental observations, implying that the fast amoeboid cell motion is optimized near the physical limit for chemotaxis. This study highlights the crucial role of active cell shape deformation in facilitating accurate chemotaxis.