标题： 逆热力学不确定性关系和熵产生 显示英文标题

标题： Inverse thermodynamic uncertainty relation and entropy production

摘要： 非平衡电流涨落是非平衡物理中的核心课题之一。热力学不确定性关系（TUR）因其严格建立了电流涨落的下限而广受赞誉，该下限以熵产生率和平均电流来表示。在本研究中，我们关注涨落的上限，称为逆热力学不确定性关系（iTUR）。我们推导了适用于由阻尼朗之万方程描述的连续变量系统以及由马尔可夫跳跃过程描述的离散变量系统的通用iTUR表达式。iTUR建立了一个禁止定态超扩散的不可能定理，该定理适用于具有有限熵产生率和有限谱隙的系统。任何电流的方差发散只有在谱隙消失或熵产生率发散时才可能发生。作为相关的实验情景，我们将iTUR应用于巨扩散现象，强调了谱隙和熵产生率的关键作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Nonequilibrium current fluctuations represent one of the central topics in nonequilibrium physics. The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is widely acclaimed for rigorously establishing a lower bound on current fluctuations, expressed in terms of the entropy production rate and the average current. In this study, we focus on an upper bound for the fluctuations, referred to as the inverse thermodynamic uncertainty relation (iTUR). We derive a universal iTUR expression in terms of the entropy production rate for continuous-variable systems governed by over-damped Langevin equations, as well as for discrete-variable systems described by Markov jump processes. The iTUR establishes a no-go theorem prohibiting perpetual superdiffusion in systems with a finite entropy production rate and a finite spectral gap. The divergence of the variance of any current becomes possible only when the spectral gap vanishes or the entropy production rate diverges. As a relevant experimental scenario, we apply the iTUR to the phenomenon of giant diffusion, emphasizing the pivotal roles of the spectral gap and entropy production.