标题： SPARC 破坏的耦合二维 MHD 和逃逸电子流体模拟 显示英文标题

标题： Coupled 2-D MHD and runaway electron fluid simulations of SPARC disruptions

摘要： 失控电子 (REs) 在托卡马克装置中断事件中产生，可以携带兆安级电流，可能会对等离子体面对部件造成损害。 了解中断事件中 RE 的演化对于评估减轻 RE 损害的策略非常重要。 使用 M3D-C1 中的二维环对称磁流体动力学 (MHD) 模拟，该模拟结合了与主 MHD 流体自洽演化的流体 RE 模型，我们研究了 SPARC 托卡马克中中断期间 RE 的启动和雪崩现象 - 一种设计用于在氘氚等离子体中实现聚变增益 Q > 2 的紧凑型高场高电流装置。 未缓解中断的 M3D-C1 模拟表明 RE 平台形成以及最终电流密度的峰值，这与低精度简化的 RE 流体模型的结果高度一致。 这项工作提供了在自洽 MHD 和 RE 耦合的 SPARC 中断模拟中，不同主要来源（包括激活氚β衰变和康普顿散射）的首次系统比较和基准测试。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Runaway electrons (REs) generated during disruption events in tokamaks can carry mega-Ampere level currents, potentially causing damage to plasma-facing components. Understanding RE evolution during disruption events is important for evaluating strategies to mitigate RE damage. Using two-dimensional toroidally symmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations in M3D-C1, which incorporates a fluid RE model evolved self-consistently with the bulk MHD fluid, we examine the seeding and avalanching of REs during disruptions in the SPARC tokamak - a compact high-field high-current device designed to achieve a fusion gain Q > 2 in deuterium-tritium plasmas. The M3D-C1 simulations of unmitigated disruptions demonstrate RE plateau formation and peaking of the final current density, which agree well with the results of lower-fidelity reduced RE fluid models. This work provides the first systematic comparison and benchmarking of different primary sources, including activated tritium beta decay and Compton scattering, in SPARC disruption simulations with self-consistent MHD and RE coupling.