标题： 通过静止人群传播受控的前向冲击波 显示英文标题

标题： Propagation of controlled frontward impulses through standing crowds

摘要： 在人群中脉冲的传播是一个对于理解集体动力学至关重要的现象，但到目前为止很少被研究。因此，我们进行了实验，在这些实验中，人群中的人员以受控的方式被向前推动。实验参数的变化包括（i）推动的强度，（ii）初始的人与人之间的距离，（iii）参与者的准备程度以及（iv）人群的结构。我们的分析基于从上方摄像头记录的头部轨迹和三维运动捕捉数据，将压力传感器记录的脉冲强度与参与者的个体运动联系起来。外部冲击的传播距离以及传播速度主要取决于脉冲的强度，而关于参与者的准备程度没有发现显著影响。特别是传播速度受到初始人与人之间距离的影响。从两种检测由于脉冲导致运动时间的方法比较中，当考虑人体三个标志点的速度而不是仅考虑质心的前向位移时，可以得到更敏感的结果。此外，参与者彼此交织的程度越高，脉冲就越分散到两侧。结果是更多的人受到影响，但每个人的位移较小。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Impulse propagation in crowds is a phenomenon that is crucial for understanding collective dynamics, but has been scarcely addressed so far. Therefore, we have carried out experiments in which persons standing in a crowd are pushed forward in a controlled manner. Variations of experimental parameters include (i) the intensity of the push, (ii) the initial inter-person distance, (iii) the preparedness of participants and (iv) the crowd formation. Our analysis links the intensity of an impulse recorded by a pressure sensor with individual movements of participants based on head trajectories recorded by overhead cameras and 3D motion capturing data. The propagation distance as well as the propagation speed of the external impact depends mainly on the intensity of the impulse, whereas no significant effect regarding the preparedness of participants could be found. Especially the propagation speed is influenced by the initial inter-person distance. From the comparison between two methods that detect the time of motion due to the impulse, a more sensitive result is obtained when the velocity of three landmarks of the human body is taken into account and not only the forward displacement of the center of mass. Furthermore, the more intertwined participants are in relation to each other, the more the impulse is distributed to the sides. As a result, more people are affected, however with smaller individual displacements.