标题： 信息丢失问题是一个悖论吗？ 显示英文标题

标题： Is the information loss problem a paradox?

摘要： 本章的目的有两个方面。 首先，我们引入信息丢失问题；其次，通过对支撑其表述的基本假设进行全面检查，提供一个批判性的评估。 特别是，我们认为，如果我们工作在半经典引力的有效范围内，并且不添加对于霍金计算来说不必要的额外假设，那么标题中的问题答案是否定的。 换句话说，正如弯曲时空量子场论所预测的那样，黑洞蒸发肯定是幺正的。 然而，如果添加了额外的假设，比如熵的普遍面积界限，即使在我们预期半经典近似有效的区域中，也可能出现矛盾。 我们证明确实存在矛盾，但不是发生在半经典广义相对论定律和量子力学之间，而是发生在前者和额外（全息）的面积限制要求之间，根据该要求，外部观察者将黑洞描述为一个熵由其面积限制的量子系统。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The aim of this chapter is twofold. First, we introduce the information loss problem; second, we provide a critical assessment by thoroughly inspecting the assumptions underlying its formulations. In particular, we argue that if we work in the regime of validity of semiclassical gravity and do not add additional assumptions that are not necessary for the Hawking calculation, the answer to the question in the title is NO. In other words, the black hole evaporation is certainly unitary as predicted by quantum field theory in curved spacetime. However, if additional assumptions are added, such as a universal area bound on the entropy, contradictions may arise even in regimes where we would expect the semiclassical approximation to be valid. We show that a contradiction indeed arises, but not between the laws of semiclassical general relativity and quantum mechanics, but rather between the former and the additional (holographic) requirement of the area limit, according to which an exterior observer describes a black hole as a quantum system whose entropy is bounded by its area.