标题： 宇宙学测绘与双源平面强引力透镜 AGEL150745+052256 显示英文标题

标题： Cosmography with the Double Source Plane Strong Gravitational Lens AGEL150745+052256

摘要： 强引力透镜有两个位于红移差异较大的背景源，这是探测宇宙学参数的一种强大且独立的手段。 我们可以利用这些系统，称为双源平面透镜（DSPLs），来测量源的角直径距离的比值（$\beta$），该比值对物质密度（$\Omega_m$）和暗能量的状态方程参数（$w$）敏感。 然而，DSPLs很稀有，需要高分辨率成像和光谱分析来进行检测、透镜建模和测量$\beta$。 在这里，我们报告的是第二个用于测量宇宙学参数的DSPL。 我们使用HST/WFC3成像和Keck/KCWI光谱数据对来自ASTRO 3D星系演化与透镜（AGEL）调查的DSPL AGEL150745+052256进行建模。 AGEL1507中透镜和两个源的光谱红移分别为$z_{\rm defl}=0.594$、$z_{\rm S1}=2.163$和$z_{\rm S2}=2.591$。 我们测量了较近光源的恒星速度弥散为$\sigma_{\rm obs}=109 \pm 27$km s$^{-1}$。 使用$\sigma_{\rm obs}$作为主要透镜（来自文献）和 S1，我们测试了 DSPL 模型的稳健性。 我们测量了$\beta=0.953^{+0.008}_{-0.010}$对于 AGEL1507，并推断出$\Omega_{\rm m}=0.33^{+0.38}_{-0.23}$对于$\Lambda$CDM 宇宙学。 将AGEL1507与已发布的Jackpot透镜模型结合，可使$\Omega_{\rm m}$ ($\Lambda$CDM) 和 w (wCDM) 的精度提高$\sim 10 \%$。 将DSPLs纳入考虑时，与Planck宇宙微波背景观测结合可显著改善约束条件，使w的精度提高$30 \%$。 本文展示了DSPLs的约束能力及其与其他标准宇宙学探针的互补性。 未来从正在进行和即将开展的大面积天空调查中发现的更大DSPL样本将提供关于暗能量本质的见解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Strong gravitational lenses with two background sources at widely separated redshifts are a powerful and independent probe of cosmological parameters. We can use these systems, known as Double-Source-Plane Lenses (DSPLs), to measure the ratio ($\beta$) of angular-diameter distances of the sources, which is sensitive to the matter density ($\Omega_m$) and the equation-of-state parameter for dark-energy ($w$). However, DSPLs are rare and require high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy for detection, lens modeling, and measuring $\beta$. Here we report only the second DSPL ever used to measure cosmological parameters. We model the DSPL AGEL150745+052256 from the ASTRO 3D Galaxy Evolution with Lenses (AGEL) survey using HST/WFC3 imaging and Keck/KCWI spectroscopy. The spectroscopic redshifts for the deflector and two sources in AGEL1507 are $z_{\rm defl}=0.594$, $z_{\rm S1}=2.163$, and $z_{\rm S2}=2.591$. We measure a stellar velocity dispersion of $\sigma_{\rm obs}=109 \pm 27$ km s$^{-1}$ for the nearer source. Using $\sigma_{\rm obs}$ for the main deflector (from literature) and S1, we test the robustness of our DSPL model. We measure $\beta=0.953^{+0.008}_{-0.010}$ for AGEL1507 and infer $\Omega_{\rm m}=0.33^{+0.38}_{-0.23}$ for $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Combining AGEL1507 with the published model of the Jackpot lens improves the precision on $\Omega_{\rm m}$ ($\Lambda$CDM) and w (wCDM) by $\sim 10 \%$. The inclusion of DSPLs significantly improves the constraints when combined with Plancks cosmic microwave background observations, enhancing precision on w by $30 \%$. This paper demonstrates the constraining power of DSPLs and their complementarity to other standard cosmological probes. Tighter future constraints from larger DSPL samples discovered from ongoing and forthcoming large-area sky surveys would provide insights into the nature of dark energy.