标题： 纠缠与区分量子动力学过程中的最优时间 显示英文标题

标题： Entanglement and Optimal Timing in Discriminating Quantum Dynamical Processes

摘要： 我研究了在单次测量场景下最优区分两个开放量子动力学过程的问题，目标是最小化识别错误概率。 此任务涉及优化输入态——可能与一个与动力学隔离的辅助系统纠缠在一起——以及使得由两种不同的动力学映射诱导的时间相关量子通道变得最可区分的时间。 为了展示这一问题的复杂性和丰富性，我专注于泡利动力学映射及其相关的时变泡利通道族。 我发现了一种情形，在这种情形下，可分离策略需要无限期等待动力学达到稳态，而纠缠输入态则能够在有限时间内实现最优区分，并且错误概率严格降低。 这些结果强调了纠缠和时间安排在增强量子动力学过程可区分性方面的关键相互作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： I investigate the problem of optimally discriminating between two open quantum dynamical processes in a single-shot scenario, with the goal of minimizing the error probability of identification. This task involves optimising both the input state -- potentially entangled with an ancillary system that remains isolated from the dynamics -- and the time at which the resulting time-dependent quantum channels, induced by the two distinct dynamical maps, becomes most distinguishable. To illustrate the complexity and richness of this problem, I focus on Pauli dynamical maps and their associated families of time-dependent Pauli channels. I identify a regime in which separable strategies require waiting indefinitely for the dynamics to reach the stationary state, whereas entangled input states enable optimal discrimination at a finite time, with a strict reduction in error probability. These results highlight the crucial interplay between entanglement and timing in enhancing the distinguishability of quantum dynamical processes.