标题： 磁学百科全书：从宇宙黎明到现代的尺度关系 显示英文标题

标题： Encyclopedia Magneticum: Scaling Relations from Cosmic Dawn to Present Day

摘要： 星系和暗物质晕的标度关系，连接了广泛的参数，已从观测中得到确立。这些关系及其离散性的起源仍存在争议。对于模型来说，同时且自洽地再现尽可能多的标度关系仍然是一个重大挑战。我们引入了Magneticum Pathfinder流体动力学宇宙学模拟套件，迄今为止，该套件是自洽覆盖最大范围的盒子体积和分辨率的模拟套件。它是唯一一个以星系团的热气体含量而非恒星质量函数进行调优的宇宙学模拟套件。通过评估针对星系团热气体成分调优的成功与不足，我们旨在进一步理解塑造宇宙的物理过程。我们分析了热气体和冷气体成分对星系和结构演化的的重要性。我们分析了28个标度关系，涵盖了大尺度全局参数以及从大质量星系团到星系的晕内部特性，并展示了从z=4到z=0的预测演化情况，与观测结果进行比较。这些包括晕-恒星质量关系和Kennicutt--Schmidt关系、宇宙恒星形成率密度以及基本平面。Magneticum Pathfinder在z=4到z=0之间匹配了可观测标度关系的显著数量，包括像宇宙黎明时期静止星系的数量密度、质量-大小演化、质量-金属丰度关系、Magorrian关系和温度-质量关系等具有挑战性的关系。我们整理了数据以便于将来的直接比较。星系特性和标度关系自然出现，高红移处可观测量的大离散性对于区分再现z=0关系的不同星系形成模型至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Galaxy and halo scaling relations, connecting a broad range of parameters, are well established from observations. The origin of many of these relations and their scatter is still a matter of debate. It remains a sizable challenge for models to simultaneously and self-consistently reproduce as many scaling relations as possible. We introduce the Magneticum Pathfinder hydrodynamical cosmological simulation suite, to date the suite that self-consistently covers the largest range in box volumes and resolutions. It is the only cosmological simulation suite that is tuned on the hot gas content of galaxy clusters instead of the stellar mass function. By assessing the successes and shortcomings of tuning to the hot gas component of galaxy clusters, we aim to further our understanding of the physical processes shaping the Universe. We analyze the importance of the hot and cold gas components for galaxy and structure evolution. We analyze 28 scaling relations, covering large-scale global parameters as well as internal properties for halos ranging from massive galaxy clusters down to galaxies, and show their predicted evolution from z=4 to z=0 in comparison with observations. These include the halo-to-stellar-mass and Kennicutt--Schmidt relations, the cosmic star formation rate density as well as the Fundamental Plane. Magneticum Pathfinder matches a remarkable number of the observed scaling relations from z=4 to z=0, including challenging relations like the number density of quiescent galaxies at cosmic dawn, the mass--size evolution, the mass--metallicity relation, the Magorrian relation, and the temperature--mass relation. We compile our data to allow for straightforward future comparisons. Galaxy properties and scaling relations arise naturally and the large scatter in observables at high redshift is crucial to distinguish the various galaxy formation models reproducing the z=0 relations.