标题： 利用 JWST 和 ALMA 揭示早期星系的特性 显示英文标题

标题： Unveiling the properties of the first galaxies with JWST and ALMA

摘要： 詹姆斯韦布空间望远镜（JWST）正在挑战我们对宇宙中最早期星系本质的理解，因为它已经发现了早期宇宙时期存在大量非常大质量星系的惊人现象。 通过应用原始尘埃模型，我们估计了不同质量星系在红移$z\gtrsim7$的远红外（FIR）连续光度。具体而言，我们预测了阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（ALMA）不同可用波段（3-10）的观测流量，考虑了第一代星系性质的典型保守值（例如，气相金属丰度、尘埃与金属比、恒星形成效率）。 正如预期的那样，对于所有ALMA波段，FIR流量随着恒星质量的增加而增加，但波段9和10的斜率更陡峭。 令人鼓舞的是，第一代星系受到强烈的负K校正的影响，因此在更高的红移下，具有相似性质的源在波段3-8中更亮。这种行为在波段6-7中更为显著。 尽管波段9-10的趋势尚不清楚，但对于这些波段，最高的流量出现在极端$z\gtrsim 15$附近。 出乎意料的是，我们的结果表明，如果JWST源位于更高的$z$，那么具有相似质量和尘埃特性的源将更容易被ALMA探测到。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is challenging our understanding of the nature of the very first galaxies in the Universe, having discovered a surprising abundance of very massive galaxies in early cosmic epochs. By applying a model of primeval dust, we estimate the far-infrared (FIR)-continuum luminosities for galaxies of different masses at redshifts $z\gtrsim7$. In particular, we predict observed fluxes for different available bands (3-10) of the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-mm Array (ALMA), considering typical conservative values expected for the properties of first galaxies (e.g., gas-phase metallicities, dust-to-metal ratio, star formation efficiency). As expected, FIR fluxes increase with stellar mass for all ALMA bands, but with a steeper slope for bands 9 and 10. Encouragingly, first galaxies are affected by a strong negative-K correction, in such a way that sources with similar properties are brighter in bands 3-8 at higher redshifts. Such behavior is stronger for bands 6-7. Although the trends for bands 9-10 are not clear, the highest fluxes for such bands are reached towards extreme $z\gtrsim 15$. Counterintuitively, our results suggest that JWST sources with similar masses and dust properties would be more easily detectable with ALMA if they are located at higher $z$.