标题： 利用广义霍夫变换方法确定石氏星表的观测历元 显示英文标题

标题： Determining the observational epoch of the Shi's star catalog using the generalized Hough transform method

摘要： 古代的星象观测是一份珍贵的文化遗产，对文化领域和现代天文学研究都产生了深远的影响。 《 \textit{施的星表}》 是中国现存最古老的星表，但其观测年代存在争议。 通过岁差确定这一年代需要假定古代坐标精确且与现代恒星相对应，这带来了显著的挑战。 本研究介绍了一种使用广义霍夫变换的新方法来确定该星表的观测年代。 这种方法统计上考虑了古代坐标中的误差以及古代与现代恒星之间的差异，解决了之前方法的局限性。 我们的研究结果将《 \textit{施密特星表}》 的观测年代追溯到公元前4世纪，并在公元2世纪进行了调整。 相比之下，西方传统中已知最古老的星表——托勒密星表（公元2世纪）可能源自于喜帕克斯星表（公元前2世纪）。 因此，《 \textit{施的星表目录}》 被确认为世界上已知最古老的星表。 除了确定其观测时期外，本研究还旨在整理和数字化这些文化遗产。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Ancient stellar observations are a valuable cultural heritage, profoundly influencing both cultural domains and modern astronomical research. The \textit{Shi's Star Catalog}, the oldest extant star catalog in China, faces controversy regarding its observational epoch. Determining this epoch via precession assumes accurate ancient coordinates and correspondence with contemporary stars, posing significant challenges. This study introduces a novel method using the Generalized Hough Transform to ascertain the catalog's observational epoch. This approach statistically accommodates errors in ancient coordinates and discrepancies between ancient and modern stars, addressing limitations in prior methods. Our findings date the \textit{Shi's Star Catalog} to the 4th century BCE, with 2nd-century CE adjustments. In comparison, the Western tradition's oldest known catalog, the Ptolemaic Star Catalog (2nd century CE), likely derives from the Hipparchus Star Catalog (2nd century BCE). Thus, the \textit{Shi's Star Catalog} is identified as the world's oldest known star catalog. Beyond establishing its observation period, this study aims to consolidate and digitize these cultural artifacts.