标题： 伽马射线和无线电脉冲星群体的蒙特卡罗评估 显示英文标题

标题： Monte Carlo evaluations of gamma-ray and radio pulsar populations

摘要： 基于由典型脉冲星（CPs）和毫秒脉冲星（MSPs）组成的射电脉冲星种群综合形成的银河系中可靠的中子星种群，我们利用最新的费米伽马射线太空望远镜（Fermi-LAT）目录（4FGL-DR4）来研究提出的高能辐射（$\gamma-$）光度模型的含义。 使用蒙特卡洛技术，我们计算了在4FGL-DR4中可能构成脉冲星似未识别源样本（PLUIDs）的CPs和MSPs的数量。当用无线电束分数缩放种群大小时，在构建模拟的4FGL-DR4样本时，我们简化假设所有高能辐射（$\gamma-$）脉冲星都朝向地球发射。 然后我们探讨了七种不同的高能辐射（$\gamma-$）光度模型的可观测结果。其中四种模型很好地匹配了观察到的PLUIDs数量，而其余三个模型显著高估了PLUIDs的数量。对于这些后者的模型，要么高能辐射（$\gamma-$）脉冲星的平均束化率更接近于25%–50%，要么需要对光度缩放进行调整。 不出所料，我们的模型预测的大多数可以通过无线电探测到的MSPs作为4FGL-DR4中PLUIDs的一部分，比目前观测到的样本更微弱，并且具有更大的色散测量值。 对于CPs，尽管与观测到的射电种群非常匹配，但我们研究的所有高能辐射（$\gamma-$）模型都无法复制出150个观测到的高能辐射（$\gamma-$）CPs样本。需要进一步的工作来理解这一差异。 对于MSPs和CPs，我们都提供了有希望的预测，即从4FGL-DR4中针对PLUIDs进行定向射电搜索，以阐明本研究提出的问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Based on well-grounded Galactic neutron star populations formed from radio pulsar population syntheses of canonical pulsars (CPs) and millisecond pulsars (MSPs), we use the latest Fermi-LAT catalog (4FGL-DR4) to investigate the implications of proposed $\gamma-$ray luminosity models. Using Monte Carlo techniques, we calculate the number of CPs and MSPs that would comprise the sample of pulsar-like unidentified sources (PLUIDs) in 4FGL-DR4. While radio beaming fractions were used to scale the sizes of the populations, when forming the mock 4FGL-DR4 samples, we make the simplifying assumption that all $\gamma-$ray pulsars are beaming towards the Earth. We then explore the observable outcomes of seven different $\gamma-$ray luminosity models. Four of the models provide a good match to the observed number of PLUIDs, while three others significantly over-predict the number of PLUIDs. For these latter models, either the average beaming fraction of $\gamma-$ray pulsars is more like 25--50\%, or a revision in the luminosity scaling is required. Most of the radio detectable MSPs that our models predict as part of the PLUIDs within 4FGL-DR4 are, unsurprisingly, fainter than the currently observed sample and at larger dispersion measures. For CPs, in spite of an excellent match to the observed radio population, none of the $\gamma-$ray models we investigated could replicate the observed sample of 150 $\gamma-$ray CPs. Further work is required to understand this discrepancy. For both MSPs and CPs, we provide encouraging forecasts for targeted radio searches of PLUIDs from 4FGL-DR4 to elucidate the issues raised in this study.