标题： TDCOSMO XVII 从使用ESO-VST 2.6米和MPG 2.2米望远镜进行的光学监测中，在22个透镜化类星体中发现新的时间延迟 显示英文标题

标题： TDCOSMO XVII. New time delays in 22 lensed quasars from optical monitoring with the ESO-VST 2.6m and MPG 2.2m telescopes

摘要： 我们为22个透镜化类星体提供了新的时间延迟，这是时间延迟宇宙学的关键要素，这些数据来源于在2.6米ESO VLT巡天望远镜和马克斯·普朗克协会2.2米望远镜上进行的高频率r波段监测。每个透镜化类星体通常被监测了一到四个季节，经常在两台望远镜之间共享以减轻因新冠疫情造成的中断。目标样本包括19个四重像和3个双重像类星体，总共获得了1918小时的观测时间，分为21581张大视场图像，每张图像长320秒。在特定的区域内，组合曝光的5-{\sigma }深度通常达到27等，而单次观测的深度为24.5等——与即将来临的维拉·鲁宾LSST预期的深度相似。目标不同透镜像的流量被可靠地去混，不仅提供了光变曲线，其测光精度达到光子噪声极限，还提供了高分辨率的目标模型，其特征和天体测量学在哈勃空间望远镜成像中系统地得到了确认。这得益于一种新的测光流水线lightcurver和前向建模方法STARRED。最后，考虑了微透镜效应引起的退化，估算了曲线对之间的时滞及其不确定性，并首次提供了时滞对的完整协方差矩阵。值得注意的是，这个覆盖13平方度的调查除了时间延迟研究外，还有其他应用，例如在深度和频率方面都达到新高度的情况下，研究足迹内多个高红移类星体的结构函数。减少后的图像将通过欧洲南方天文台科学门户提供。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present new time delays, the main ingredient of time delay cosmography, for 22 lensed quasars resulting from high-cadence r-band monitoring on the 2.6 m ESO VLT Survey Telescope and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 2.2 m telescope. Each lensed quasar was typically monitored for one to four seasons, often shared between the two telescopes to mitigate the interruptions forced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of targets consists of 19 quadruply and 3 doubly imaged quasars, which received a total of 1 918 hours of on-sky time split into 21 581 wide-field frames, each 320 seconds long. In a given field, the 5-{\sigma} depth of the combined exposures typically reaches the 27th magnitude, while that of single visits is 24.5 mag - similar to the expected depth of the upcoming Vera-Rubin LSST. The fluxes of the different lensed images of the targets were reliably de-blended, providing not only light curves with photometric precision down to the photon noise limit, but also high-resolution models of the targets whose features and astrometry were systematically confirmed in Hubble Space Telescope imaging. This was made possible thanks to a new photometric pipeline, lightcurver, and the forward modelling method STARRED. Finally, the time delays between pairs of curves and their uncertainties were estimated, taking into account the degeneracy due to microlensing, and for the first time the full covariance matrices of the delay pairs are provided. Of note, this survey, with 13 square degrees, has applications beyond that of time delays, such as the study of the structure function of the multiple high-redshift quasars present in the footprint at a new high in terms of both depth and frequency. The reduced images will be available through the European Southern Observatory Science Portal.