标题： 非线性表面流入进入活动带对太阳周期调制的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Effect of Nonlinear Surface Inflows into Activity Belts on Solar Cycle Modulation

摘要： 根据观测，在太阳表面的双极磁区（BMRs）周围可以看到汇聚流。这些流入的平均流速是由它们共同产生的，而这些流速的强度取决于太阳活动周期中的磁通量大小。 在太阳活动周期模型中，这种平均流速可以被描述为对经向流的扰动。 本文研究了在纬度淬火存在的情况下，将表面流入引入表面磁通输运模型（SFT）作为可能的非线性机制的效果，其中流入剖面的振幅在太阳活动周期内会根据磁场活动而变化。 结果显示，在同时存在纬度淬火（LQ）和倾斜淬火（TQ）的情况下将表面流入纳入模型后，极区磁场强度为平均太阳活动周期极区磁场强度（标准差为$\sigma$）的$\pm$1$\sigma$，相关系数为 0.85。 我们确认引入流入会产生较小的偶极矩净贡献（10% 至 25%）。 此外，LQ 与流入的重要性之间的相对关系与发电机效应范围（$\lambda_{R}$）呈反比相关。 如果没有衰减项，将流入引入模型会导致偶极矩的净贡献不显著。 将流入引入 SFT 模型表明，表面流入与太阳偶极矩之间可能存在非线性关系，这暗示了一种潜在的非线性机制，有助于全球发电机的饱和。 对于较小的 $\lambda_R$ （$\lessapprox$ 10 $^\circ$），TQ始终主导LQ，而对于较大的 $\lambda_R$，LQ占主导地位。然而，在模型中存在衰减项的情况下，加入流入量会使这种主导现象稍微提前发生。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Converging flows are visible around bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) on the solar surface, according to observations. Average flows are created by these inflows combined, and the strength of these flows depends on the amount of flux present during the solar cycle. In models of the solar cycle, this average flow can be depicted as perturbations to the meridional flow. In this article, we study the effects of introducing surface inflow to the surface flux transport models (SFT) as a possible nonlinear mechanism in the presence of latitude quenching for an inflow profile whose amplitude varies within a cycle depending on the magnetic activity. The results show that including surface inflows in the model in the presence of both LQ and tilt quenching (TQ) produced a polar field within a $\pm$1$\sigma$ of an average cycle polar field ($\sigma$ is the standard deviation) and a correlation coefficient of 0.85. We confirm that including inflows produces a lower net contribution to the dipole moment (10\,--\,25\%). Furthermore, the relative importance of LQ vs. inflows is inversely correlated with the dynamo effectivity range ($\lambda_{R}$). With no decay term, introducing inflows into the model resulted in a less significant net contribution to the dipole moment. Including inflows in the SFT model shows a possible nonlinear relationship between the surface inflows and the solar dipole moment, suggesting a potential nonlinear mechanism contributing to the saturation of the global dynamo. For lower $\lambda_R$ ($\lessapprox$ 10 $^\circ$), TQ always dominates LQ, and for higher $\lambda_R$ LQ dominate. However, including inflows will make the domination a little bit earlier in case of having a decay term in the model.