标题： 谁有资格进入？ 政治参与如何影响对合法移民的看法 显示英文标题

标题： Who Gets to Come In? How Political Engagement Shapes Views on Legal Immigration

摘要： 本研究考察了政治参与如何塑造美国公众对合法移民的态度。利用来自2024年ANES试点研究的全国加权数据，我们基于五项公民行动（讨论政治、在线分享、参加集会、佩戴政治符号和竞选志愿活动）构建了一个新的政治参与指数（PAX）。通过应用加权有序逻辑回归模型，我们发现更高的参与度预示着对放宽合法移民支持度的增加，即使在调整了教育、性别、年龄、党派身份、收入、城市居住和一般社会信任之后也是如此。为了捕捉实质性效果，我们将参与度不同水平下的预测概率可视化。在全样本模型中，随着参与度的提高，支持“更难”的移民可能性从26%下降到13%，而支持“更容易”的移民可能性则从10%上升到21%。按党派身份划分的子群体分析显示了一致的方向性，共和党人出现了显著变化。社会信任和教育也与更加开放的态度一致相关，而较年长的受访者倾向于支持不太宽松的合法移民政策途径。这些发现表明，政治参与度的累积增加与支持合法移民途径有关，不同党派身份和社会人口特征之间存在不同程度的支持。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This study examines how political engagement shapes public attitudes toward legal immigration in the United States. Using nationally weighted data from the 2024 ANES Pilot Study, we construct a novel Political Engagement Index (PAX) based on five civic actions: discussing politics, online sharing, attending rallies, wearing political symbols, and campaign volunteering. By applying weighted ordered logistic regression models, we find that higher engagement predicts greater support for easing legal immigration, even after adjusting for education, gender, age, partisanship, income, urban residence, and generalized social trust. To capture the substantive effect, we visualize predicted probabilities across levels of engagement. In full-sample models, the likelihood of supporting "a lot harder" immigration drops from 26% to 13% as engagement rises, while support for "a lot easier" increases from 10% to 21%. Subgroup analyses by partisanship show consistent directionality, with notable shifts among Republicans. Social trust and education are also consistently associated with more open attitudes, while older respondents tend to support less lenient pathways to legal immigration policies. These findings suggest that a cumulative increase in political participation is linked to support for legal immigration pathways, with varying intensity across partisan identities and socio-demographic characteristics.