标题： 软物质与活性物质中的最优控制 显示英文标题

标题： Optimal Control in Soft and Active Matter

摘要： 软物质与活性物质代表了一类我们在日常生活中遇到的迷人材料——它们构成了生命本身。 控制信号与这些系统的动力学相互作用，这种影响在控制理论和最优控制中被形式化。 近期的研究采用了各种控制理论方法来设计期望的动力学、性质和功能。 在这里，我们为研究软物质和活性物质的物理学家提供了一个关于最优控制的入门介绍。 我们描述了两种主要的控制类别：前馈控制和反馈控制及其对应的最优控制方法。 我们强调它们与拉格朗日力学和哈密顿力学的相似性，并提供了一个已解决的问题示例。 最后，我们回顾了近期关于软物质、活性物质及相关系统中的控制研究。 将控制理论应用于软物质、活性物质和生命系统，将有助于我们更好地理解生命物理学中所涉及的信号处理、信息流和驱动机制。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Soft and active condensed matter represent a class of fascinating materials that we encounter in our everyday lives -- and constitute life itself. Control signals interact with the dynamics of these systems, and this influence is formalized in control theory and optimal control. Recent advances have employed various control-theoretical methods to design desired dynamics, properties, and functionality. Here we provide an introduction to optimal control aimed at physicists working with soft and active matter. We describe two main categories of control, feedforward control and feedback control, and their corresponding optimal control methods. We emphasize their parallels to Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, and provide a worked example problem. Finally, we review recent studies of control in soft, active, and related systems. Applying control theory to soft, active, and living systems will lead to an improved understanding of the signal processing, information flows, and actuation that underlie the physics of life.