标题： 蜜蜂的最佳贡献选择 显示英文标题

标题： Optimum Contribution Selection for Honeybees

摘要： 1997年，T. H. E. Meuwissen 发表了一篇具有开创性的文章《最大化选种的遗传响应与预先设定的近交率》，其中他为动物育种中遗传响应和避免近交之间的权衡提供了优化解决方案。显然，这一问题对于具有小型繁殖群体规模的蜜蜂来说尤为重要。然而，由于蜜蜂的遗传特殊性，至今尚无将该理论应用于这一物种的研究。本手稿旨在填补这一空白。它发展了必要的蜜蜂特有理论，并引入了一个小型R脚本，实现了对蜜蜂的最优贡献选择（Optimum Contribution Selection, OCS）。在为本文献研究的过程中，我们发现尽管Meuwissen的理论已有28年的历史，并引发了众多新方向的研究，但据我们所知，目前仍没有关于该主题的综合性教科书。相反，所有相关信息都必须从几篇文章中提取，导致学习曲线陡峭。我们预计许多对蜜蜂OCS感兴趣的蜜蜂育种科学家可能对经典OCS缺乏经验。因此，我们决定将我们的新推导嵌入到一个关于OCS的一般介绍中，然后逐步专门化到蜜蜂案例上。结果是这121页内容，我们希望至少前几节也能对关注蜜蜂以外物种的育种理论家有所帮助。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In 1997, T. H. E. Meuwissen published a groundbreaking article titled 'Maximizing the response of selection with a predefined rate of inbreeding', in which he provided an optimized solution for the trade-off between genetic response and inbreeding avoidance in animal breeding. Evidently, this issue is highly relevant for the honeybee with its small breeding population sizes. However, the genetic peculiarities of bees have thus far prevented an application of the theory to this species. The present manuscript intends to fill this desideratum. It develops the necessary bee-specific theory and introduces a small R script that implements Optimum Contribution Selection (OCS) for honeybees. While researching for this manuscript, we found it rather cumbersome that even though Meuwissen's theory is 28 years old and has sparked research in many new directions, to our knowledge, there is still no comprehensive textbook on the topic. Instead, all relevant information had to be extracted from several articles, leading to a steep learning curve. We anticipate that many honeybee breeding scientists with a putative interest in OCS for honeybees have little to no experience with classical OCS. Thus, we decided to embed our new derivations into a general introduction to OCS that then specializes more and more to the honeybee case. The result are these 121 pages, of which we hope that at least the first sections can also be of use for breeding theorists concerned with other species than honeybees.