标题： 理解协变量在现实世界车辆与行人碰撞数值重建中的作用 显示英文标题

标题： Understanding the Role of Covariates in Numerical Reconstructions of Real-World Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Collisions

摘要： 颅脑创伤（TBI）是全球重要的公共卫生问题，每年影响数千万人。脆弱道路使用者（VRU），例如行人，在全球TBI统计数据中占比过高。 为了评估伤害预防措施的有效性，研究人员经常使用人体有限元（FE）模型来虚拟模拟真实道路交通事故场景中的人体反应。 然而，VRU事故发生在高度不受控制的环境中，因此有许多变量（协变量），例如车辆撞击速度和VRU身体姿势，共同决定了碰撞的伤害结果。 同时，由于有限元分析是一项计算密集型任务，研究人员在尝试预测现实世界中的VRU头部创伤时，通常需要对有限元模型进行大量简化。 为了帮助研究人员在进行有限元事故重建时做出明智决策，本文献综述旨在全面总结已报道在文献中具有影响力的协变量。 该综述为研究人员提供了关于影响头部损伤预测的变量的概述。 这些材料可能有助于作为选择参数的基础，用于执行汽车与行人碰撞模拟的敏感性分析。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) are a pressing global public health issue, impacting tens of millions of individuals annually. Vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians, are vastly overrepresented in the worldwide TBI statistics. To evaluate the effectiveness of injury prevention measures, researchers often employ Finite Element (FE) models of the human body to virtually simulate the human response to impact in real-world road traffic accident scenarios. However, VRU accidents occur in a highly uncontrolled environment and, in consequence, there is a large amount of variables (covariates), e.g. the vehicle impact speed and VRU body posture, that together dictate the injurious outcome of the collision. At the same time, since FE analysis is a computationally heavy task, researchers often need to apply extensive simplifications to FE models when attempting to predict real-world VRU head trauma. To help researchers make informed decisions when conducting FE accident reconstructions, this literature review aims to create an overarching summary of covariates that have been reported influential in literature. The review provides researchers with an overview of variables proven to have an influence on head injury predictions. The material could potentially be useful as a basis for choosing parameters to include when performing sensitivity analyses of car-to-pedestrian impact simulations.